Abstract: An electronic device may have a power system with a battery. The device may include power management circuitry that helps distribute power from the battery to components within the device. To prevent an excessive load from being applied to the battery and the battery from dropping below a cut-off voltage, power management circuitry may control power consumption by components in the device. Power consumption models in the power management circuitry may be used to ensure that maximum allowable power consumption levels are not exceeded. To help accurately and quickly manage power consumption decisions, each component may have characteristic power consumption values that characterize the power consumption profile of the component.

Abstract: Based on changes in a battery (e.g., age, temperature) of an electronic device, battery power prediction and correction logic of the electronic device may correct a power capability and/or regulate power associated with the battery. For example, the battery power prediction and correction logic may operate the battery to supply up to a maximum of a power capability with an applied correction factor based on a voltage measurement and a cutoff voltage associated with the battery.

Abstract: A method of managing a battery system, the method including receiving at least one measured characteristic of the at least one battery cell from the at least one sensor, estimating at least one state of the at least one battery cell at a first time by applying an electrochemical-based battery model, estimating at least one physical parameter of the at least one battery cell based on the at least one measured characteristic and the estimation of the at least one state, estimating the at least one state at a second time, subsequent to the first time, by applying the electrochemical-based battery model based on the estimated at least one parameter, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the at least one state.

Abstract: A method of managing a battery system, the method including receiving at least one measured characteristic of the at least one battery cell from the at least one sensor, estimating at least one state of the at least one battery cell at a first time by applying an electrochemical-based battery model, estimating at least one physical parameter of the at least one battery cell based on the at least one measured characteristic and the estimation of the at least one state, estimating the at least one state at a second time, subsequent to the first time, by applying the electrochemical-based battery model based on the estimated at least one parameter, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the at least one state.

Abstract: A method of managing a battery system, the method including receiving at least one measured characteristic of the at least one battery cell from the at least one sensor, estimating at least one state of the at least one battery cell at a first time by applying an electrochemical-based battery model, estimating at least one physical parameter of the at least one battery cell based on the at least one measured characteristic and the estimation of the at least one state, estimating the at least one state at a second time, subsequent to the first time, by applying the electrochemical-based battery model based on the estimated at least one parameter, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the at least one state.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a power system with a battery. The device may include power management circuitry that helps distribute power from the battery to components within the device. To prevent an excessive load from being applied to the battery and the battery from dropping below a cut-off voltage, power management circuitry may control power consumption by components in the device. Power consumption models in the power management circuitry may be used to ensure that maximum allowable power consumption levels are not exceeded. To help accurately and quickly manage power consumption decisions, each component may have characteristic power consumption values that characterize the power consumption profile of the component.

Abstract: An electronic device that displays a battery status is described. In particular, based on the occurrence or presence of an environmental condition (such as an extrinsic environmental factor and/or a current electronic-device usage factor), the electronic device may determine an inaccessible-charge condition of a battery in the electronic device. For example, the environmental condition may include: a temperature of the battery less than the temperature threshold value; and/or a discharge rate of the battery greater than the discharge threshold value. In response to the inaccessible-charge condition, the electronic device may display indications of two or more battery-charge parameters, including: an accessible battery charge, an inaccessible battery charge that is currently unavailable for use because of the environmental condition, and/or a total battery charge.

Abstract: A method of managing a battery system using a battery management system. The method includes receiving, measured characteristics of one or more battery cells from one or more sensors, receiving, estimated parameters of the battery cells, estimating, one or more states of the battery cells by applying a battery model based on the measured characteristics and the estimated parameters of the battery cells, updating, at least a portion of the estimated parameters based at least in part on the estimation of the states of the battery cells by applying two or more separate battery models, updating, the one or more states of the battery cells based at least in part on the updated estimated parameters of the battery cells, and regulating charging or discharging of the battery based on the updated estimation of the states of the battery cells.

Abstract: An electronic device that displays a battery status is described. In particular, based on the occurrence or presence of an environmental condition (such as an extrinsic environmental factor and/or a current electronic-device usage factor), the electronic device may determine an inaccessible-charge condition of a battery in the electronic device. For example, the environmental condition may include: a temperature of the battery less than the temperature threshold value; and/or a discharge rate of the battery greater than the discharge threshold value. In response to the inaccessible-charge condition, the electronic device may display indications of two or more battery-charge parameters, including: an accessible battery charge, an inaccessible battery charge that is currently unavailable for use because of the environmental condition, and/or a total battery charge.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery system in one embodiment includes at least one electrochemical cell, a current sensor configured to generate a current signal, a voltage sensor configured to generate a voltage signal, a memory in which command instructions are stored, and a processor configured to execute the command instructions to obtain the current signal and the voltage signal, and to generate an estimated cell nominal capacity (Cnom) of the at least one electrochemical cell by estimating a first leg Cnom during a first charging sequence using a first charging current, estimating a second leg Cnom during a second charging sequence using a second charging current, wherein the second charging current is at a current amplitude different from the current amplitude of the first charging current, and generating the cell Cnom based upon the first leg Cnom and the second leg Cnom.

Abstract: A method of managing a battery system using a battery management system. The method includes receiving, measured characteristics of one or more battery cells from one or more sensors, receiving, estimated parameters of the battery cells, estimating, one or more states of the battery cells by applying a battery model based on the measured characteristics and the estimated parameters of the battery cells, updating, at least a portion of the estimated parameters based at least in part on the estimation of the states of the battery cells by applying two or more separate battery models, updating, the one or more states of the battery cells based at least in part on the updated estimated parameters of the battery cells, and regulating charging or discharging of the battery based on the updated estimation of the states of the battery cells.

Abstract: A method of managing a battery system, the method including receiving at least one measured characteristic of the at least one battery cell from the at least one sensor, estimating at least one state of the at least one battery cell at a first time by applying an electrochemical-based battery model, estimating at least one physical parameter of the at least one battery cell based on the at least one measured characteristic and the estimation of the at least one state, estimating the at least one state at a second time, subsequent to the first time, by applying the electrochemical-based battery model based on the estimated at least one parameter, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the at least one state.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a battery system includes a negative electrode, a separator adjacent to the negative electrode, a positive electrode separated from the negative electrode by the separator, the positive electrode including an electrode inlet and an electrode outlet, an electrolyte including about 5 molar LiOH located within the positive electrode, and a first pump having a first pump inlet in fluid communication with the electrode outlet and a first pump outlet in fluid communication with the electrode inlet and controlled such that the first pump receives the electrolyte from the electrode outlet and discharges the electrolyte to the electrode inlet during both charge and discharge of the battery system.

Abstract: In one embodiment a method of controlling an engine system includes providing a first cylinder with a first inlet valve, a first outlet valve, and a first throttle, controlling the first inlet and the first outlet valve in accordance with an SI valve lift profile, activating a first spark in the first cylinder while controlling the first inlet and the first outlet valve in accordance with the SI valve lift profile, controlling the first inlet and the first outlet valve in accordance with an HCCI valve lift profile, activating a second spark in the first cylinder while controlling the first inlet and the first outlet valve in accordance with the HCCI valve lift profile, and controlling the SOI timing of the first throttle in an HCCI SOI mode while controlling the first inlet valve and the first outlet valve in the HCCI valve lift profile after activating the second spark.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a precipitation zone located between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and in fluid communication with the positive electrode, and a fluid electrolyte within the positive electrode and the precipitation zone, wherein the precipitation zone is configured such that a discharge product which is produced as the cell discharges is preferentially precipitated within the precipitation zone.

Abstract: A method for estimating a state of charge in a battery includes identifying a first state of charge in the battery at a first time, identifying the first state of charge in the battery at a second time after operation of the battery, identifying an estimated state of charge at the second time with reference to a model having a plurality of model parameters, modifying at least one of the plurality of model parameters with reference to an error between the estimated state of charge and the first state of charge, and generating an output corresponding to an estimate of the state of charge of the battery using the model with the at least one modified parameter while operating the battery in the at least one operating mode after the second time.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an electrochemical battery system performs optimized charging of a battery. The electrochemical battery system includes at least one electrochemical cell, a memory storing command instructions, and a controller operably connected to the memory and a current source. The controller executes the command instructions to generate a first prediction of at least one state parameter corresponding to an internal state of the at least one electrochemical cell in the event that a first input current is applied to the at least one electrochemical cell for a predetermined time based upon a present state of the at least one state parameter in the electrochemical cell, determine a second input current based on the first prediction and at least one predetermined state parameter constraint, and control the current source to apply the second input current to the at least one electrochemical cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and an electrolyte including a load leveling agent in contact with the negative electrode.

Abstract: A system and/or method for replenishing lithium-ion battery capacity that is lost due to side reactions over the lifetime of a battery in one embodiment includes a battery with a first electrode, a second electrode, a separator region configured to electronically isolate the first and second electrodes, a first portion of lithium metal encapsulated within a first ionically insulating barrier configured to prevent transport of lithium ions therethrough, a memory in which command instructions are stored, and a processor configured to execute the command instructions to (i) determine a first lithium content of the first electrode, (ii) compare the first lithium content of the first electrode to a first threshold, and (iii) activate the first portion of lithium metal based on the comparison of the first lithium content to the first threshold.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus for a battery cell of an electrical energy reservoir is proposed. The battery cell has a housing inside which an anode electrode electrically connected to a first battery terminal, a cathode electrode electrically connected to a second battery terminal, and an electrolyte for ion conduction between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are receivable or received. The sensor apparatus comprises a reference electrode that is locatable or located inside the housing of the battery cell in ionic contact with the electrolyte. The sensor apparatus also comprises a sensing device for sensing sensor data. The sensing device is locatable or located inside the housing.