Abstract: An electrochemical battery system in one embodiment includes a plurality of first electrochemical cells, a memory in which command instructions are stored, and a processor configured to execute the command instructions to (i) evaluate each of the plurality of first electrochemical cells, and (ii) selectively connect a first of the plurality of first electrochemical cells to a power provider based upon the evaluation while selectively isolating a second of the plurality of first electrochemical cells from the power provider based upon the evaluation.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, a separator positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, an active material within the second electrode, and a variable volume reservoir in fluid connection with the active material, such that changes in the volume of the active material cause changes in volume of the variable volume reservoir.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell with a blended cathode in one embodiment includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, a first active material in the positive electrode including a form of lithium, and a second active material in the positive electrode including a form of sulfur.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine includes moving an exhaust valve to a first open position to enable an exhaust product to flow through an exhaust port of the internal combustion engine. The method also includes maintaining the exhaust valve at the first open position for a predetermined time period. The method also includes moving an intake valve to a second open position during the predetermined time period to enable an intake product to flow through an intake port of the internal combustion engine. Additionally, the method includes preventing at least a portion of the intake product from flowing through the exhaust port during the predetermined time period with a first blocking member and a second blocking member.

Abstract: Engine correction inputs to control oscillation in an engine output in a transition between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine cycle modes of an HCCI engine are determined as follows: for each mode, valve timings which modify the engine output the most upon switching are determined, and a linear engine system model is defined at least partially based on the determined valve timings, which model provides mappings relating initial conditions of the engine and the engine correction inputs to outputs of the engine; initial conditions of the engine corresponding to a switching point for switching between the two modes are determined; desired engine output conditions upon switching between the two modes are specified; and the engine correction inputs are determined by using the determined initial conditions, the desired engine output conditions, and the linear engine system model corresponding to the engine cycle mode in effect upon switching.

Abstract: A method for predicting and correcting an impending misfire in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine includes: modeling HCCI engine operation in a nominal, steady-state operating region and in unstable operating regions bordering the steady-state operating region, using a zero-dimensional model; predicting an occurrence of an engine misfire based on the modeling of the HCCI engine operation; and providing a remedial corrective measure when an engine misfire is predicted. The remedial corrective measure includes one of: (a) late injection to avoid full combustion during a trapping cycle, and a reduction in amount of injected fuel to account for residual fuel of the previous cycle; or (b) earlier exhaust valve closing to trigger combustion of residual fuel within the trapping cycle, and a later injection and reduction of injected fuel to account for residual fuel of the previous cycle.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, a separator positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, an active material within the second electrode, and a variable volume reservoir in fluid connection with the active material, such that changes in the volume of the active material cause changes in volume of the variable volume reservoir.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a first electrode, and a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, the second electrode including a substrate of active material formed with a plurality of interconnected chambers defined by a respective one of a plurality of inwardly curving walls, and a form of lithium.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a moderator layer positioned between the negative electrode and the separator.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery system in one embodiment includes a plurality of first electrochemical cells, a memory in which command instructions are stored, and a processor configured to execute the command instructions to (i) evaluate each of the plurality of first electrochemical cells, and (ii) selectively connect a first of the plurality of first electrochemical cells to a power provider based upon the evaluation while selectively isolating a second of the plurality of first electrochemical cells from the power provider based upon the evaluation.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, an active material in the positive electrode including a form of lithium, and a gas neutralizing additive.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a first electrode including a form of sulfur as an active material, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, the second electrode including a plurality of nanowires, and a transfer member operably contacting the first electrode and the second electrode to transfer one or more of pressure and volume between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and an electrolyte including a load leveling agent in contact with the negative electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a first electrode, and a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, the second electrode including, a current collector, an electrically conducting rigid support frame electrically connected to the current collector, and an active material coated to the rigid support frame.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, an electrolyte, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a current collector in the negative electrode, the current collector including a substrate material and a coating material on the surface of the substrate material, wherein the coating material does not include a form of lithium.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery system in one embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, a separator positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, an active material within the second electrode, a pressure sensor in fluid connection with the second electrode, a memory in which command instructions are stored, and a processor configured to execute the command instructions to obtain a pressure signal from the pressure sensor associated with the pressure within the second electrode, and to identify a state of charge of the electrochemical battery system based upon the pressure signal.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery system in one embodiment includes a first electrochemical cell, a second electrochemical cell, a memory in which command instructions are stored, and a processor configured to execute the command instructions to (i) selectively charge or discharge the first electrochemical cell based upon an evaluation of first criteria associated with the first electrochemical cell, and (ii) selectively charge or discharge the second electrochemical cell based upon an evaluation of second criteria associated with the first electrochemical cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell with a blended cathode in one embodiment includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, a first active material in the positive electrode including a form of lithium, and a second active material in the positive electrode including a form of sulfur.

Abstract: Engine correction inputs to control oscillation in an engine output in a transition between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine cycle modes of an HCCI engine are determined as follows: for each mode, valve timings which modify the engine output the most upon switching are determined, and a linear engine system model is defined at least partially based on the determined valve timings, which model provides mappings relating initial conditions of the engine and the engine correction inputs to outputs of the engine; initial conditions of the engine corresponding to a switching point for switching between the two modes are determined; desired engine output conditions upon switching between the two modes are specified; and the engine correction inputs are determined by using the determined initial conditions, the desired engine output conditions, and the linear engine system model corresponding to the engine cycle mode in effect upon switching.