Abstract: One embodiment of the invention is a method for forming a raised structure on a semiconductor wafer. In the method, a patterned masking layer is formed over a wafer layer. The patterned masking layer typically includes a first mask covering a first region of the wafer layer and at least one side mask adjacent to the first mask, covering a side region of the wafer layer. After forming the patterned masking layer, exposed portions of the wafer layer adjacent the masks are removed using the patterned masking layer. This leaves a first raised structure (relative to an adjacent removed area) in the first substrate region and a sacrificial raised structure in the side region adjacent the first raised structure. After removing the exposed portions of the wafer layer, the sacrificial raised structure is selectively removed while leaving the first raised structure intact.

Abstract: A MEMS-based optical switch having improved characteristics and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. In accordance with one embodiment, an optical switch includes a single comb drive actuator having a deflecting beam structure and a mirror coupled to the actuator. The mirror is capable of being moved between an extended position interposed between waveguide channels and a retracted position apart from the waveguide channels. The actuator applies a force capable of deflecting the beam structure and moving the mirror to one of the extended positions or the retracted position and the beam structure returns the mirror to the other of the extended position or the retracted position in the absence of the application of force.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of formula 1 having the structure wherein: X, R1, R2, R3, R4, Z, X, and n are as defined hereinbefore in the specification, which are useful as antineoplastic agents and in the treatment of certain kidney diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention is a method for forming a raised structure on a semiconductor wafer. In the method, a patterned masking layer is formed over a wafer layer. The patterned masking layer typically includes a first mask covering a first region of the wafer layer and at least one side mask adjacent to the first mask, covering a side region of the wafer layer. After forming the patterned masking layer, exposed portions of the wafer layer adjacent the masks are removed using the patterned masking layer. This leaves a first raised structure (relative to an adjacent removed area) in the first substrate region and a sacrificial raised structure in the side region adjacent the first raised structure. After removing the exposed portions of the wafer layer, the sacrificial raised structure is selectively removed while leaving the first raised structure intact.

Abstract: A MEMS-based optical switch having improved characteristics and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. In accordance with one embodiment, an optical switch includes a single comb drive actuator having a deflecting beam structure and a mirror coupled to the actuator. The mirror is capable of being moved between an extended position interposed between waveguide channels and a retracted position apart from the waveguide channels. The actuator applies a force capable of deflecting the beam structure and moving the mirror to one of the extended positions or the retracted position and the beam structure returns the mirror to the other of the extended position or the retracted position in the absence of the application of force.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: (A) n=2-4;(B) R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkyl, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2, and --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl moieties which may taken together to form a 4- to 7-membered ring;(C) R.sub.3 is selected from H, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 ;(D) X is located at the 2-, or 3-position and is selected from the group consisting of 2-naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-phenanthrenyl, 2-phenanthrenyl, 3-phenanthrenyl, 4-phenanthrenyl, 9-phenanthrenyl, phenyl, and mono- or polysubstituted phenyl wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of --OR.sub.4, --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) alkyl, --CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, --NO.sub.2, --CN, --SO.sub.3 H, --SO.sub.2 NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, --CO.sub.2 H, --CO.sub.2 R.sub.4, and phenyl;R.sub.4 is H or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: (A) n=2-4;(B) R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) alkyl, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2, and --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl moieties which are taken together to form a 4- to 7- membered ring;(C) R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of H, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, and --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 ;(D) Y is a heterocyclic radical having 5-14 atoms, located at the 2- or 3- position of the pyridoquinazolinone nucleus, in which 1-3 of the heterocyclic ring atoms are independently nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; wherein Y may be optionally mono-, di-, or tri- substituted with --OR.sub.4, --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, --CO.sub.2 H, --CO.sub.2 R.sub.4, or phenyl;R.sub.4 is H or (C.sub.1 -C.sub. 4) straight-chain alkyl;R.sub.5 and R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I: ##STR1## wherein X, Y, Z, a, b, c, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are defined in the specification are provided. The compounds are useful as inhibitors of retroviral protease enzymes.