Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprises an input device for inputting an image data, a first converter circuit for converting the input image signal to an analog image output and a second converter circuit for converting the input image data to a digital image output. The first converter circuit controls the analog image output in accordance with the output of the second converter circuit. The second converter circuit produces different digital signals in accordance with the input image data and has a threshold matrix to be compared with the input image data.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image processing apparatus having a memory for storing encoded data obtained by dividing an image into blocks of a predetermined size. Image data of each block is encoded, and a reader is provided for selectively reading encoded data, corresponding to an arbitrary block, from the memory. A decoder decodes the encoded data read out from the memory, and a processor is provided for editing for each block of the image data decoded by the decoder.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing apparatus comprising an image signal generator having a first processing unit for processing the image signal in a first mode and generating a first processed signal, a discriminator for discriminating characteristics of the image signal, the discriminator having a selector for selecting the first processed signal according to a discrimination result; and a pulse width modulated signal generator for processing the first processed signal from the selector by using a pattern signal and for generating a pulse width modulated signal.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image processing apparatus in which original image data are compressed by encoding to a smaller quantity, then the image processing is conducted in such compressed form, and thus processed data are released with a high resolving power and a satisfactory tonal rendition. In this manner highly advanced image processing can be achieved with a limited memory capacity.

Abstract: A DNA fragment or a restriction enzyme-digested DNA fragment, the DNA fragment containing a gene, acyA, encoding a 3-acylation enzyme for macrolide antibiotics, characterized by being derived from a strain belonging to the genus Streptomyces, having a size of about 1.8 kb or about 3.2 kb, and having a DNA base sequence shown in a restriction enzyme map shown in FIG. 1(A) or FIG. 1(B), respectively, in the attached drawing. 3-Acylated macrolide antibiotics can be produced advantageously using macrolide antibiotics-producing bacteria transformed with vector plasmids having inserted therein the DNA fragment.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is composed of an image memory comprising a plurality of memory elements, and a processor unit comprising a plurality of processor elements. By suitably engineering the arrangement of the image memory of memory elements, the arrangement of the processor unit of processor elements and the connections among the memory elements and processor elements, it is possible to realize, through a simple construction, high-speed image processing such as image density conversion, image color conversion, image masking, image spatial filtering, image enlargement, image reduction, image rotation, image compression, image extension and image color correction. Also provided are an image processing apparatus for a color image, composed of a plurality of image memories and a plurality of processor elements, and a generalized, multifunctional data parallel processing apparatus capable of processing a large volume of data at high speed.

Abstract: An image reduction system which reduces binary level images is disclosed. In the system, a reduction pixel value is determined by using, as reference pixels for a filter operation: a plurality of surrounding pixels including an object pixel to be reduced; and reduced pixels, from among pixels which have already been reduced, said reduced pixels being at least; a reduced pixel located before the pixel to be determined: a reduced pixel, located on the preceding line, which lies directly above the pixel to be determined; and a reduced pixel before said reduced pixel located on the preceding line. When a pixel referenced during the filter operation is included in a specific pattern, an exception process for correcting binary level results is provided.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing apparatus comprising an image signal generator having a first processing unit for processing the image signal in a first mode and generating a first processed signal, a discriminator for discriminating characteristics of the image signal, the discriminator having a selector for selecting the first processed signal according to a 4 discrimination result; and a pulse width modulated signal generator for processing the first processed signal from the selector by using a pattern signal and for generating a pulse width modulated signal.

Abstract: A DNA fragment containing acyB gene coding for an enzyme capable of acylating the 4"-position of a macrolide antibiotic, said DNA fragment being derived from a microorganism of the genus Streptomyces, having a size of about 3.1 kb and being characterized by the restriction endonuclease map shown in FIG. 1 , and a DNA restriction fragment resulting from digestion with a restriction endonuclease; a recombinant DNA plasmid containing this DNA fragment; a microorganism transformed with this recombinant plasmid; and a process for producing a 4"-acylated macrolide antibiotic by using the transformant.

Abstract: There are image processing method and apparatus for use in digital copying apparatuses, facsimile apparatuses, etc. which handle an image signal. This apparatus comprises an edge detector to detect the edge portion of the image signal, a smoothing circuit to smooth the image signal, an edge emphasizer to emphasize the edge of the image signal, and a mixer to mix the output of the smoothing circuit and the output of the edge emphasizer. A mixture ratio of the output of the smoothing circuit and the output of the edge emphasizer is varied in response to the output of the edge detector. The edge detection of the edge detector is performed due to the linear differentiation. With this apparatus, the moire in the case of a mesh original image is removed and the characters and line drawings can be reproduced with a high degree of fidelity.

Abstract: An image processing method and apparatus for extracting a part of original image data. The mask data to extract a part of original image data is provided as a unit larger than the pixel unit of the original image data. The mask data at the objective position is corrected by use of the mask data at a plurality of positions. A part of the original image data is extracted on the basis of the corrected mask data. The mask data is stored in a memory and corrected on a pixel unit basis of the original image data. Since the mask boundary data is stored into the mask memory, the image converting processes such as enlargement, reduction, rotation, etc. can be performed by use of the mask memory of a small capacity without limiting the mask shape. With this apparatus, the mask image data having the smooth edge portion can be obtained.

Abstract: An image encoding method, and an apparatus therefor, enabling rapid comprehension of the outline of the entire image promptly, at the decoding of the encoded image information, and also an image encoding method, and an apparatus therefor, capable of efficient encoding adapted for the state of the image to be encoded. Image information is divided into plural block, each consisting of plural pixels, the frequency of the image in each block is analyzed, the frequency components of the image in each block are separated into plural bands, and the frequency components contained in each of said plural bands are encoded.

Abstract: An image reduction system which reduces binary level images is disclosed. In the system, a reduction pixel value is determined by using, as reference pixels for a filter operation: a plurality of surrounding pixels including an object pixel to be reduced; and reduced pixels, from among pixels which have already been reduced, said reduced pixels being at least a reduced pixel located before the pixel to be determined: a reduced pixel, located on the preceding line, which lies directly above the pixel to be determined; and a reduced pixel before said reduced pixel located on the preceding line.When a pixel referenced during the filter operation is included in a specific pattern, an exception process for correcting binary level results is provided.

Abstract: There is an image processing apparatus to perform an image editing process such as to extract a part of an image or to synthesize a plurality of images. This apparatus comprises: an image information generator to generate image information; an area information generator to generate area information to extract a desired area of the image information; a coding circuit to compress and code the area information; a memory to store the area information which was compressed and coded by the coding circuit; a decoder to decode the area information in the memory; and an extracting circuit to extract the desired area of the image information on the basis of the area information which was decoded by the decoder. The coding circuit codes the area information on a unit basis of n.times.m pixels by use of a coding look-up table. The decoder also decodes the area information by use of a decoding look-up table. The image information is separated into lightness information and shape information on a unit basis of n.times.

Abstract: This invention provides a blood typing training kit comprising a red blood cell model and an antiserum model with no use of human blood in experiments for blood agglutination and in learning of blood typing, the red blood cell model being an easily available granule which can be suspended in water such as agarose bead, Sepharose, cellulose, Sephadex, cellulofine, alginate, tamarind polysaccharide, gelatin, xanthan gum, etc. or the saccharide- or protein-bound form thereof and the antiserum model being lectin, boric acid-containing liquid or immunoglobulin G.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing apparatus comprising an image signal generator having a first processing unit for processing the image signal in a first mode and generating a first processed signal, a discriminator for discriminating characteristics of the image signal, the discriminator having a selector for selecting the first processed signal according to a discrimination result; and a pulse width modulated signal generator for processing the first processed signal from the selector by using a pattern signal and for generating a pulse width modulated signal.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus has a CCD sensor, a white standard plate of a uniform density, a shading data memory, an analog/log converter or a digital/log converter, and a shading correction circuit. Shading correction can be performed with a simple circuit and requiring only a small-capacity memory.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus of this invention includes a digital data output device for outputting bi-level image data, a bi-level processor for converting the bi-level image data into multi-level (e.g., 8-bit) image data, a multi-level processor for performing spatial filter processing with respect to the multi-level image data output from the bi-level processor, and a PWM circuit for processing the multi-level image data output from the multi-level processor using a pattern signal of a predetermined cycle and generating a PWM signal.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprising an image memory for holding image data in the form of a compressed and encoded image data block of a plurality pixels. It also includes a decoder for decoding the encoded data, a device for performing a one-dimensional transformation on the decoded data, and a compressor for encoding the performed result again.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus for processing a halftone image into a digital dot image. There are generated plural dots for the data of each pixel so as to form line screens in such a manner that smallest ones of the dots among the pixels constitute a line screen while other dots constitute line screens inclined to the scanning direction, in order to reduce Moire fringe pattern.