Abstract: A recovering process for recovering the constituent components of a sealed type battery comprising at least a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte sealed in a battery housing, characterized in that said process includes a step (a) of decreasing the ionic conductivity between said cathode and anode of said sealed type battery and a step (b) of opening said battery housing of the sealed type battery after conducting said step (a). An apparatus suitable for practicing said recovering process.

Abstract: A digital magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus that has an LVA detector, and that is able to maintain the coding rate as high as {fraction (8/9)} or more, and record at a higher density than in the prior art, wherein, in order that the data sequences up to the (2n−1)th best sequence (n>1) are obtained in the order of higher likelihood ratios, and that. the candidates of those data sequences can be produced, the LVA detector has provided therein a unit which replaces the likelihood ratio and path memory of the ith best sequence by those of the (2i−1)th best sequence when the contents of the (i−1)th path memory coincide with those of the ith path memory (i=2, 3, . . .

Abstract: A digital magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus includes an LVA (List Viterbi Algorithm) detector which produces first to nth best sequences (n>1) of a decoded result, and replaces a likelihood ratio and a path memory of the ith best sequence (i=2, 3, . . . , n) with those of the (2i−1)th best sequence when contents of path memories of the (i−1)th and ith best sequences are equal to each other and an absolute value of a difference between likelihood ratios of the (i−1)th and (2i−1)th best sequences is smaller than a decision threshold. Alternatively, the LVA detector initializes a likelihood ratio of the ith best sequence to be a likelihood ratio of the (i−1)th best sequence with a constant difference value added thereto when contents of path memories of the (i−1)th and ith best sequences are equal to each other.

Abstract: A recovering process for recovering the constituent components of a sealed type batter comprising at least an a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte sealed in a battery housing, characterized in that said process includes a step (a) of decreasing the ionic conductivity between said cathode and anode of said sealed type battery and a step (b) of opening said battery housing of the sealed type battery after conducting said step (a). An apparatus suitable for practicing said recovering process.

Abstract: A secondary battery exhibiting a long cycle life and comprising a negative pole activating material made of lithium or zinc is provided, the battery at least having a negative pole made of lithium or zinc serving as the negative pole activating material, an electrolyte (electrolytic solution), a separator, a positive pole made of a positive pole activating material, a collecting electrode and a battery case, wherein at least the surface of the negative pole is covered with a film having a structure which allows ions relating to the battery reactions to pass through. Since growth of dendrites of lithium or zinc at the time of charge can be prevented, short circuiting between the negative pole and the positive pole can be prevented. Therefore, the charge/discharge cycle life can significantly be lengthened.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium battery comprising at least a cathode, a separator, an anode, and an electrolyte or electrolyte solution integrated in a battery housing, is characterized by a cathode constituted of a specific powdery cathode active material having a large specific surface area and a primary particle size of 0.5 .mu.m or less. The cathode active material is obtained by mixing a salt of a transition metal in and dissolving the salt in an aqueous solution containing at least a water-soluble polymer material to obtain a product, and baking the product to form the powdery cathode active material for use as the cathode active material of the cathode. Alternatively, the cathode active material is obtained by mixing a salt of a transition metal in a monomer capable of forming at least a water-soluble polymer material, polymerizing the monomer to obtain a polymerized product, and baking the polymerized product to form the powdery cathode active material for use as the cathode active material of the cathode.

Abstract: An anode for a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an anode substrate and a coat disposed so as to cover at least a surface of said anode substrate opposed to said cathode, said coat comprising a film comprised of a metal oxide material of 1.5 or less in standard electrode potential difference with respect to lithium and capable of intercalating or deintercalating lithium ions generated during battery reaction. A process for producing said anode, characterized in that said film is formed using a polyacid or a peroxo polyacid. A rechargeable lithium battery is provided with said anode.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium cell comprising an anode, a separator, a cathode, and an electrolyte or an electrolyte solution, characterized in that said anode comprises (a) a metal capable of being alloyed with lithium and (b) a metal incapable of being alloyed with lithium, said anode contains lithium when charging is operated, and wherein an anode terminal is extended from a portion formed of said metal (b).

Abstract: Provided is a lithium secondary cell having a positive pole and a negative pole separated by a separator in an electrolyte in a cell case, which has the negative pole comprising a substance which can contain lithium and/or the positive pole comprising a substance to which lithium can be inserted, thus being excellent in excessive discharge characteristics, high in energy density, and long in cycle life even in applications where a plurality of cells are connected in series or in parallel.

Abstract: A digital write-and-read method and a signal processing apparatus wherein a write encoder includes a bit distribution circuit for dividing an input data block into n (n: 2 or more) series of bit strings and outputting them in parallel, a first coding circuit for executing predetermined coding for each of data series so distributed and a second coding circuit for converting the output bit series D1 to D3 of the first coding circuit to an n-bit channel code by looking up the previous channel code information, and wherein the second coding circuit executes coding by using a combination having a large Euclidean distance in a partial response equalization output taking inter-symbol interference of at least three bits into consideration as a pair.

Abstract: A secondary battery exhibiting a long cycle life and comprising a negative pole activating material made of lithium or zinc is provided, the battery at least having a negative pole made of lithium or zinc serving as the negative pole activating material, an electrolyte (electrolytic solution), a separator, a positive pole made of a positive pole activating material, a collecting electrode and a battery case, wherein at least the surface of the negative pole is covered with a film having a structure which allows ions relating to the battery reactions to pass through. Since growth of dendrite of lithium or zinc at the time of the charge can be prevented, short circuit between the negative pole and the positive pole can be prevented. Therefore, the charge/discharge cycle life can significantly be lengthened.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery that has a lamination of negative electrodes and positive electrodes with intervening separators that acquires a low battery internal impedance and excellent charging and discharging power by the sufficient compressing of the electrodes, and that is very safe and easy to recycle, and to provide a method for manufacturing such a battery. To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, in a battery wherein positive electrodes and negative electrodes are disposed with intervening separators, and are stored in a battery housing with a solid electrolyte or an electrolyte solution, provided in the battery housing is a member whose shape is changed at a predetermined temperature (first temperature), which is lower than the melting point of the separator that maintains the shape in the battery operating temperature range.

Abstract: In Lithium secondary cells, alkali secondary cells and bromine-zinc secondary batteries capable of retarding the growth of a dendrite, which would occur at the time of charging thereof and result in performance degradation, and having high energy densities and long cycle lives, a method for forming a material of a negative electrode of such a secondary cell or battery and a method for handling the material of the negative electrode are provided. The secondary cell or battery is provided with positive and negative electrodes separated from each other by a separator in an electrolyte contained in a case. The negative electrode is made of metallic powder alloyed with at least an amphoteric metal which reacts with both of an acid and an alkali.

Abstract: In a secondary battery including at least an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte and a battery housing, a magnetic-field generation unit for generating magnetic lines of force, orthogonal to an electric field during charging, at least on the surface of the anode is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to provide a secondary battery using lithium which includes at least a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator provided between said negative electrodes and said positive electrode, and an electrolyte, wherein at least either of said negative electrode or said positive includes an active material having porous hollow structure as a host for intercalating/deintercalating guest lithium ion. The secondary battery shows high electric capacity, high charging/discharging efficiency, high energy density, and long cycle life.

Abstract: A highly reliable rechargeable battery comprising an anode, a cathode, a separator positioned between said anode and said cathode, and an electrolyte or an electrolyte solution disposed so as to contact with said anode and said cathode, characterized in that said anode is provided with an anode active material-retaining body comprising (a) an electrically conductive material and (b) an insulating or semiconductor material having a property of allowing an ion dedicated for a battery reaction to pass through but not or substantially not allowing an anode active material deposited upon operating charging to pass through, and said anode active material-body having a number of pores distributed therein at a porosity rate of 10% or more.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium battery comprising at least an anode, a separator, a cathode, and an electrolyte integrated in a battery housing, characterized in that said electrolyte comprises a salt of an organic fluorine-silicon compound containing at least fluorine, silicon and carbon elements as the constituents.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery consisting of an anode, a cathode, a separator which is placed between the anode and the cathode and an electrolyte or electrolyte solution in contact with the anode and the cathode. The anode has an electrically conductive material which contains insulating or semiconductor film. The film covers protrusions present in the electrically conductive material. An opening between adjacent protrusions communicates with the electrical conductive material. Additionally, the electrically conductive material of the anode and the cathode contact the electrolyte through this opening. The rechargeable battery because of increased capacity and increased energy density has a prolonged charging and discharging life cycle. Moreover, the generation and growth of lithium or zinc dendrites are prevented.

Abstract: A transmission system which includes a plurality of reproduction nodes connected to each other in a cascade connection via a communication line. Each node includes a timing extraction circuit for extracting a timing signal from a signal received via the communication line, a discriminating circuit for converting the received signal into a digital signal according to the timing signal, and a processing circuit for processing, based on the timing signal, the digital signal outputted from the discriminating circuit and outputting the processed digital signal to the communication line. The timing extraction circuit includes a signal delay unit for supplying the timing signal with a signal delay time greater than a delay time occurring in the processing circuit.

Abstract: In a local area network composed of transmission lines for interconnecting a plurality of subordinate networks including synchronous apparatuses and a plurality of nodes which connect the subordinate networks to the transmission lines, information is transferred using a fixed length frame, a clock source which generates an independent clock signal and a circuit which generates a fixed length frame with the oscillation frequency of the clock source as a reference are provided in each node so as to adopt an independent clocking system, and distribution of a common synchronizing clock required for synchronous apparatuses is made by transmission while embedding transition point information of a synchronizing clock in a specific space in the fixed length frame.