Abstract: Provided herein are battery cells for battery packs in electric vehicles. The battery cell includes a housing defining an inner region, an electrolyte disposed within the inner region, and a gasket that couples a lid with the housing to seal the battery cell. The gasket can include an inner portion having an ingress point and an egress point. The inner portion can have disposed therein a thermocouple wire that extends through the inner portion, past the ingress point and past the egress point. The thermocouple wire can include a first lead, a second lead, and a third lead. The first, second, and third leads can be disposed within a common jacket between the ingress point and the egress point. A thermocouple sensor can be disposed in the inner region and be coupled with the first, second, and third leads of the thermocouple wire to provide sensed temperature information.

Abstract: An orthodontic appliance includes a portion made of a shape memory alloy having a base alloy composition of at least two different metallic elements and a treated region having an alloy composition that is depleted in at least one of the metallic elements. The base alloy may include a nickel titanium alloy (NiTi), a copper chromium nickel titanium alloy (CuCrNiTi), or a copper aluminum nickel (CuAlNi) alloy. The treated region may be depleted in at least one of copper, aluminum, nickel, and titanium relative to the base alloy composition by exposing the base alloy to a source of energy. The base alloy composition has a first austenitic finish temperature and the treated region has an austenitic finish temperature that may be different than the first austenitic finish temperature. The treated region may form a part of an archwire, a stop, a hook, a crown, a band, or an orthodontic bracket.

Abstract: Provided herein are battery packs for electric vehicles. A battery pack can include a housing having cavities. The battery pack can include electrode structures having a first tab terminal and a second tab terminal. A cover can be disposed over the housing. The cover can include first junction connectors extending between a first surface of the cover and a second surface of the cover. The first tab terminal of each electrode structure can be welded to respective first junction connectors.

Abstract: Provided herein are battery packs for electric vehicles. A battery pack can include a housing having cavities. The battery pack can include electrode structures having a first tab terminal and a second tab terminal. A cover can be disposed over the housing. The cover can include first junction connectors extending between a first surface of the cover and a second surface of the cover. The first tab terminal of each electrode structure can be welded to respective first junction connectors.

Abstract: Provided herein are battery cells for battery packs in electric vehicles. The battery cell includes a housing defining an inner region, an electrolyte disposed within the inner region, and a gasket that couples a lid with the housing to seal the battery cell. The gasket can include an inner portion having an ingress point and an egress point. The inner portion can have disposed therein a thermocouple wire that extends through the inner portion, past the ingress point and past the egress point. The thermocouple wire can include a first lead, a second lead, and a third lead. The first, second, and third leads can be disposed within a common jacket between the ingress point and the egress point. A thermocouple sensor can be disposed in the inner region and be coupled with the first, second, and third leads of the thermocouple wire to provide sensed temperature information.

Abstract: Provided herein are battery packs for electric vehicles. A battery pack can include a housing having cavities. The battery pack can include electrode structures having a first tab terminal and a second tab terminal. A cover can be disposed over the housing. The cover can include first junction connectors extending between a first surface of the cover and a second surface of the cover. The first tab terminal of each electrode structure can be welded to respective first junction connectors.

Abstract: An orthodontic appliance includes a portion made of a shape memory alloy having a base alloy composition of at least two different metallic elements and a treated region having an alloy composition that is depleted in at least one of the metallic elements. The base alloy may include a nickel titanium alloy (NiTi), a copper chromium nickel titanium alloy (CuCrNiTi), or a copper aluminum nickel (CuAlNi) alloy. The treated region may be depleted in at least one of copper, aluminum, nickel, and titanium relative to the base alloy composition by exposing the base alloy to a source of energy. The base alloy composition has a first austenitic finish temperature and the treated region has an austenitic finish temperature that may be different than the first austenitic finish temperature. The treated region may form a part of an archwire, a stop, a hook, a crown, a band, or an orthodontic bracket.

Abstract: A method (100) is disclosed for generating a page description from a list of items (201 to 204) to be rendered to the page. At least one of the items in the list belongs to a class of key items (201). Such key items may for example be text items. The method (100) traverses (601) the list, and classifies items (202, 203) not designated as key items that would when rendered overlie at least one key item (201). At least one other non-key item is then rendered to image data (104, 105), and the page description is generated (107) from page description commands which describe the key items (201), page description commands describing the classified items (202, 203), and rendered image data of the remaining items (200). Including certain items (201, 202 and 203) in the page description using page description commands ensures that the quality of such items is retained. Also, including the remainder of the items (200) using image data provides for high compression.

Abstract: A method (100) is disclosed for generating a page description from a list of items (201 to 204) to be rendered to the page. At least one of the items in the list belongs to a class of key items (201). Such key items may for example be text items. The method (100) traverses (601) the list, and classifies items (202, 203) not designated as key items that would when rendered overlie at least one key item (201). At least one other non-key item is then rendered to image data (104, 105), and the page description is generated (107) from page description commands which describe the key items (201), page description commands describing the classified items (202, 203), and rendered image data of the remaining items (200). Including certain items (201, 202 and 203) in the page description using page description commands ensures that the quality of such items is retained. Also, including the remainder of the items (200) using image data provides for high compression.