Abstract: The present invention provides for an improved application of signal strength weightings in a SDMA sectorized cellular network. The improved signal strength weightings application is conducted through the improved selection of weightings from a new codebook subset or by the selection of weightings from a larger codebook subset. In a further embodiment, an antenna beam index or bit map can be used to select the best beam(s) in a SDMA sectorized cellular network. In another embodiment, a field or factor in an uplink or downlink transmission packet can designate which directional transmission beam is best suited for the transmission or when the directional transmission beam should be activated.

Abstract: To perform wireless communications in a wireless network, at least two spatial beams are formed within a cell segment, where the at least two spatial beams are associated with different power levels. The at least two spatial beams are swept across the cell segment according to a sweep pattern. In some implementations, multiple antenna assemblies can be used, where each antenna assembly has plural antenna elements. A lower one of the antenna assemblies can be used to form high and lower power beams, and an upper one of the antenna assemblies can be used to communicate backhaul information, for example.

Abstract: An MPEG-4 system with error concealment is provided for video service under the network with packet loss. The MPEG-4 system includes an encoder and a decoder. The encoder uses an intra-refreshment technique is used to make coded bitstream more robust against noise in order to stop error propagation. The rate-distortion optimization criterion is also introduced to adaptively update in synchronization with intra-coded blocks adaptively based on the true network condition with minimal overhead. The Lagrange multiplier is modified to achieve the best rate-distortion balance. In addition, a decoder loop is used in the encoder and is synchronized with the true decoder to achieve the best performance and avoid mismatch with the decoder used in the MPEG-4 system. The decoder is able to achieve resilient decoding from any kind of noise and enhance the reconstructed image quality with spatial and temporal hybrid concealment method. The result shows that a 3.65-9.

Abstract: A motor used to drive optical elements includes a stator, a rotor revolved relative to the stator, and a feedback apparatus used to sense the position of the rotor. The feedback apparatus is an encoder. Such described structure eliminates the system's instability caused by the drift of a conventional capacitive type transducer or an inductance type transducer. Moreover, the response of the motor used to drive optical elements has been improved greatly by utilizing a multipole motor.

Abstract: An MPEG-4 system with error concealment is provided for video service under the network with packet loss. The MPEG-4 system includes an encoder and a decoder. The encoder uses an intra-refreshment technique is used to make coded bitstream more robust against noise in order to stop error propagation. The rate-distortion optimization criterion is also introduced to adaptively update in synchronization with intra-coded blocks adaptively based on the true network condition with minimal overhead. The Lagrange multiplier is modified to achieve the best rate-distortion balance. In addition, a decoder loop is used in the encoder and is synchronized with the true decoder to achieve the best performance and avoid mismatch with the decoder used in the MPEG-4 system. The decoder is able to achieve resilient decoding from any kind of noise and enhance the reconstructed image quality with spatial and temporal hybrid concealment method. The result shows that a 3.65-9.

Abstract: An MPEG-4 system with error concealment is provided for video service under the network with packet loss. The MPEG-4 system includes an encoder and a decoder. The encoder uses an intra-refreshment technique is used to make coded bitstream more robust against noise in order to stop error propagation. The rate-distortion optimization criterion is also introduced to adaptively update in synchronization with intra-coded blocks adaptively based on the true network condition with minimal overhead. The Lagrange multiplier is modified to achieve the best rate-distortion balance. In addition, a decoder loop is used in the encoder and is synchronized with the true decoder to achieve the best performance and avoid mismatch with the decoder used in the MPEG-4 system. The decoder is able to achieve resilient decoding from any kind of noise and enhance the reconstructed image quality with spatial and temporal hybrid concealment method. The result shows that a 3.65-9.

Abstract: A motor used to drive optical elements includes a stator, a rotor revolved relative to the stator, and a feedback apparatus used to sense the position of the rotor. The feedback apparatus is an encoder. The invention utilizes such described structure so as to eliminate the system's instability caused by the drift of the conventional capacitive type transducer or an inductance type transducer. Moreover, the response of the motor used to drive optical elements has been improved greatly by utilizing multipole motor.

Abstract: A method transcodes a compressed multi-layer video bitstream that includes a base layer bitstream and an enhancement layer bitstream. The base and enhancement layers are first partially decoded, and then the partially decoded signals are combined with a motion compensated signal yielding a combined signal. The combined signal is quantized into an output signal according to a quantization parameter, and the output signal is variable length encoded as a single layer bitstream. In a preprocessing step, the enhancement layer can be truncated according to rate control constraint, and the same constraints can also be used during the quantization.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing an IEEE1394 port of a motherboard test device includes an IEEE1394 connector, a cable transceiver arbiter connected to the IEEE1394 connector, a first converting chip connected to the cable transceiver arbiter, a second converting chip connected to the first converting chip, and a flash chip connected to the second converting chip. The controller receives IEEE1394 signals from the connector, the first converting chip and second converting chip cooperate to convert the IEEE1394 signals to flash signals, the flash signals are stored in the flash chip. The first converting chip and the second converting chip also cooperate to convert the flash signals to the IEEE1394 signals, the connector outputs the IEEE1394 signals through the controller. A method for testing an IEEE1394 port of a motherboard test device is also provided.

Abstract: A robust fine granularity scalability video encoding includes a base layer encoder and an enhancement layer encoder in which motion compensated difference images are generated by comparing an original image to predicted images at base layer and enhancement layer with motion compensation. Based on leaky and partial predictions, a high quality reference image is constructed at the enhancement layer to improve temporal prediction. In the construction of the high quality reference image, one parameter ? controls the number of bitplanes of the enhancement layer difference coefficients used and another parameter ? controls the amount of predictive leak. A spatial scalability module allows the processed pictures at the base layer and the enhancement layer to have identical or different spatial resolutions.

Abstract: A robust fine granularity scalability video encoding includes a base layer encoder and an enhancement layer encoder in which motion compensated difference images are generated by comparing an original image to predicted images at base layer and enhancement layer with motion compensation. Based on leaky and partial predictions, a high quality reference image is constructed at the enhancement layer to improve temporal prediction. In the construction of the high quality reference image, one parameter ? controls the number of bitplanes of the enhancement layer difference coefficients used and another parameter ? controls the amount of predictive leak. A spatial scalability module allows the processed pictures at the base layer and the enhancement layer to have identical or different spatial resolutions.

Abstract: An MPEG-4 system with error concealment is provided for video service under the network with packet loss. The MPEG-4 system includes an encoder and a decoder. The encoder uses an intra-refreshment technique is used to make coded bitstream more robust against noise in order to stop error propagation. The rate-distortion optimization criterion is also introduced to adaptively update in synchronization with intra-coded blocks adaptively based on the true network condition with minimal overhead. The Lagrange multiplier is modified to achieve the best rate-distortion balance. In addition, a decoder loop is used in the encoder and is synchronized with the true decoder to achieve the best performance and avoid mismatch with the decoder used in the MPEG-4 system. The decoder is able to achieve resilient decoding from any kind of noise and enhance the reconstructed image quality with spatial and temporal hybrid concealment method. The result shows that a 3.65-9.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a fast motion estimation using N-queen pixel decimation, whereby after a reference block and a block to be processed are selected in a video sequence, an N×N queens pattern is used for pixel decimation to perform block match, thereby obtaining a good enough block difference value. The present invention combines pixel decimation with fast motion estimation for search points reduction to achieve the object of simplifying computational complexity of motion estimation. Therefore, the present invention can sieve out sufficiently representative pixels and will not increase extra computational complexity.

Abstract: A method of motion estimation for video encoding constructs a binary pyramid structure having three binary layers. A state update module registers and updates repeat occurrence of final motion vectors and a static-state checking module determines if the method is in a static mode or a normal mode based on the repeat occurrence. In a normal mode, the first binary layer is searched within a ±3 pixel refinement window to determine a first level motion vector. In the second binary layer, a search range is computed based on six motion vector candidates. By checking every point within in the search range, a second binary layer search generates a second level motion vector. Finally, a third binary layer search within a ±2 pixel refinement window generates a final motion vector according to the second level motion vector. In a static mode, a fine tuning module performs search within a ±1 pixel refinement window and generates a final motion vector.

Abstract: A robust fine granularity scalability video encoding includes a base layer encoder and an enhancement layer encoder in which motion compensated difference images are generated by comparing an original image to predicted images at base layer and enhancement layer with motion compensation. Based on leaky and partial predictions, a high quality reference image is constructed at the enhancement layer to improve temporal prediction. In the construction of the high quality reference image, one parameter ? controls the number of bitplanes of the enhancement layer difference coefficients used and another parameter ? controls the amount of predictive leak. A spatial scalability module allows the processed pictures at the base layer and the enhancement layer to have identical or different spatial resolutions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an architecture for stack robust fine granularity scalability (SRFGS), more particularly, SRFGS providing simultaneously temporal scalability and SNR scalability. SRFGS first simplifies the RFGS temporal prediction architecture and then generalizes the prediction concept as the following: the quantization error of the previous layer can be inter-predicted by the reconstructed image in the previous time instance of the same layer. With this concept, the RFGS architecture can be extended to multiple layers that forming a stack to improve the temporal prediction efficiency. SRFGS can be optimized at several operating points to fit the requirements of various applications while the fine granularity and error robustness of RFGS are still remained. The experiment results show that SRFGS can improve the performance of RFGS by 0.4 to 3.0 dB in PSNR.

Abstract: A method of motion estimation for video encoding constructs a binary pyramid structure having three binary layers. A state update module registers and updates repeat occurrence of final motion vectors and a static-state checking module determines if the method is in a static mode or a normal mode based on the repeat occurrence. In a normal mode, the first binary layer is searched within a ±3 pixel refinement window to determine a first level motion vector. In the second binary layer, a search range is computed based on six motion vector candidates. By checking every point within in the search range, a second binary layer search generates a second level motion vector. Finally, a third binary layer search within a ±2 pixel refinement window generates a final motion vector according to the second level motion vector. In a static mode, a fine tuning module performs search within a ±1 pixel refinement window and generates a final motion vector.

Abstract: A robust fine granularity scalability video encoding includes a base layer encoder and an enhancement layer encoder in which motion compensated difference images are generated by comparing an original image to predicted images at base layer and enhancement layer with motion compensation. Based on leaky and partial predictions, a high quality reference image is constructed at the enhancement layer to improve temporal prediction. In the construction of the high quality reference image, one parameter &bgr; controls the number of bitplanes of the enhancement layer difference coefficients used and another parameter &agr; controls the amount of predictive leak. A spatial scalability module allows the processed pictures at the base layer and the enhancement layer to have identical or different spatial resolutions.

Abstract: A method transcodes a compressed multi-layer video bitstream that includes a base layer bitstream and an enhancement layer bitstream. The base and enhancement layers are first partially decoded, and then the partially decoded signals are combined with a motion compensated signal yielding a combined signal. The combined signal is quantized into an output signal according to a quantization parameter, and the output signal is variable length encoded as a single layer bitstream. In a preprocessing step, the enhancement layer can be truncated according to rate control constraint, and the same constraints can also be used during the quantization.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a fast motion estimation using N-queen pixel decimation, whereby after a reference block and a block to be processed are selected in a video sequence, an N×N queens pattern is used for pixel decimation to perform block match, thereby obtaining a good enough block difference value. The present invention combines pixel decimation with fast motion estimation for search points reduction to achieve the object of simplifying computational complexity of motion estimation. Therefore, the present invention can sieve out sufficiently representative pixels and will not increase extra computational complexity.