Abstract: A filter assembly comprises a filter (10) defining path for fluid passing to or from the filter (10). An adaptor (11) is connected to the filter (10) and provides a continuation of the path. The adaptor (11) is for mounting the filter (10) on a mounting plate (12) and carries one or more sealing rings (30, 37) that are engageable with the mounting plate (12). The adaptor (11) is made from a plastics material and one surface of the adaptor (11) is reinforced by contact with an annular reinforcing member (31) which may be of metal, particularly steel. This allows the flow path provided by the adaptor (11) to be maximized.

Abstract: A method and system monitor a communications network, e.g., a controller area network (CAN), and more specifically, an in-vehicle communications network, by maintaining a count of each type of error code and a histogram of all network messages seen by each of the controllers during a measurement period; and by determining a bus health index of the communication bus based upon a percentage of a given type of error to the total count of all errors during a measurement period. An individual controller or controller area network bus segment can be indicated as having a communications problem as a result of the health index.

Abstract: A system, program storage device, and method of optimizing data placement on a storage device, the method comprising establishing a specified time constraint for which the storage device is to delete data stored thereon; dividing a data object into a plurality of data bits; programming a block of data and the data bits with a logic operand if the storage device is incapable of deleting the data within the specified time constraint; creating an encoded block of data from the programmed block of data and the data bits; organizing the encoded block of data and the data bits in the storage device according to data deletion requirements; and removing the data bits from the storage device if the data bits are organized within a specified data deletion requirement, wherein the data bits are removed using a data shredding process, and wherein the logic operand comprises an exclusive-or (XOR) operator.