Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein the variables are defined in the specification; and acid addition and quaternary ammonium salts of formula (I) compounds are described. The compounds and their salts are soft anticholinergic/antisecretory agents especially useful as mydriatics and as antiperspirants.

Abstract: The invention provides novel peptide derivatives which are designed to deliver pharmacologically active peptides into the central nervous system by sequential metabolism. The peptide is placed in a molecular environment which disguises its peptide nature and provides biolabile, lipophilic functions to penetrate the blood-brain barrier by passive transport. The design incorporates a dihydropyridine-type redox targetor moiety, an amino acid or di- or -tripeptide spacer inserted between the targetor and N-terminal amino acid unit of the peptide and a bulky, lipophilic substituent protecting the C-terminal amino acid unit of the peptide. The dihydropyridine-type targetor undergoes an enzymatically mediated oxidation to a hydrophilic, membrane-impermeable pyridinium salt. That polar targetor-peptide conjugate is trapped behind the lipoidal blood-brain barrier.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein [D] is the residue of a drug having a reactive functional group, said functional group being attached, directly or through a bridging group, via an oxygen-phosphorus bond to the phosphorus atom of the ##STR2## moiety; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 heteroaryl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloheteroalkyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl; and R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkenyl having one or two double bonds; (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.r H.sub.2r -- wherein r is zero, one, two or three, the cycloalkyl portion being unsubstituted or bearing 1 or 2 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituents on the ring portion; (C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryloxy)C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein the variables are defined in the specification; and acid addition and quaternary ammonium salts of formula (I) compounds are described. The compounds and their salts are soft anticholinergic/antisecretory agents especially useful as mydriatics and as antiperspirants.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein the variables are defined in the specification. The compounds and their salts are soft anticholinergic/antisecretory agents especially useful as mydriatics and as antiperspirants.

Abstract: New soft .beta.-adrenergic blocking agents, useful in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disorders and in the treatment of glaucoma, have the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10; R is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p --, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 polycycloalkyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p --, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 polycycloalkenyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p -- or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkenyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p -- (wherein p is 0, 1, 2 or 3), or together with the adjacent ##STR2## group represents a variety of other complex ester groupings; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl; and Ar is a divalent radical containing at least one aromatic nucleus. The corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are also described.

Abstract: The subject compounds, which are adapted for the site-specific/sustained delivery of centrally acting drug species to the brain, are:(a) compounds of the formula[D-DHC] (I)wherein [D] is a centrally acting drug species, and [DHC] is the reduced, biooxidizable, blood-brain barrier penetrating lipoidal form of a dihydropyridine .revreaction. pyridinium salt redox carrier, with the proviso that when [DHC] is ##STR1## wherein R is lower alkyl or benzyl and [D] is a drug species containing a single NH.sub.2 or OH functional group, the single OH group when present being a primary or secondary OH group, said drug species being linked directly through said NH.sub.2 or OH functional group to the carbonyl function of [DHC], then [D] must be other than a sympathetic-stimulant, steroid sex hormone or long chain alkanol; and(b) non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of formula (I). The corresponding ionic pyridinium salt type drug/carrier entities [D-QC].sup.+ X.sup.- are also disclosed.

Abstract: New soft .beta.-adrenergic blocking agents, useful in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disorders and in the treatment of glaucoma, have the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10; R is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p --, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 polycycloalkyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p --, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 polycycloalkenyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p -- or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkenyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p -- (wherein p is 0, 1, 2 or 3), or together with the adjacent ##STR2## group represents a variety of other complex ester groupings; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl; and Ar is a divalent radical containing at least one aromatic nucleus. The corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein the variables are defined in the specification. The compounds and their salts are soft anticholinergic/antisecretory agents especially useful as mydriatics and as antiperspirants.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein [D] is the residue of a drug having a reactive functional group, said functional group being attached, directly or through a bridging group, via an oxygen-phosphorus bond to the phosphorus atom of the ##STR2## moiety; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 heteroaryl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloheteroalkyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl; and R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkenyl having one or two double bonds; (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl)--C.sub.r H.sub.2r -- wherein r is zero, one, two or three, the cycloalkyl portion being unsubstituted or bearing 1 or 2 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituents on the ring portion; (C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryloxy)C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## and the nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D is the residue of a centrally acting drug containing at least one reactive functional group selected from the group consisting of amino, hydroxyl, mercapto, carboxyl, amide and imide, said residue being characterized by the absence of a hydrogen atom from at least one of said reactive functional groups in said drug; n is a positive integer equal to the number of said functional groups from which a hydrogen atom is absent; and [DHC] is the reduced, biooxidizable, blood-brain barrier penetrating lipoidal form of a dihydropyridine.revreaction.pyridinium salt redox carrier, said carrier comprising a bivalent radical of the formula ##STR2## wherein the alkylene group can be straight or branched and can contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R.sub.

Abstract: New soft .beta.-adrenergic blocking agents, useful in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disorders and in the treatment of glaucoma, have the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10; R is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p -, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 polycycloalkyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p -, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 polycycloalkenyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p - or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkenyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p - (wherein p is 0, 1, 2 or 3), or together with the adjacent ##STR2## group represents a variety of other complex ester groupings; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl; and Ar is a divalent radical containing at least one aromatic nucleus. The corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are also described.

Abstract: The subject compounds, which are adapted for the site-specific/sustained delivery of centrally acting drug species to the brain, are compounds of the formula ##STR1## and the non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein D is the residue of a centrally acting primary, secondary or tertiary amine and ##STR2## is an unsubstituted or substituted dihydropyridyl, dihydroquinolyl or dihydroisoquinolyl radical. The corresponding ionic pyridinium, quinolinium and isoquinolinium salts ##STR3## wherein X.sup.- is the anion of a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: pounds and their salts are soft anticholinergic/antisecretory agents especially useful as mydriatics and as antiperspirants.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for improving the oral bioavailability of carbamazepine by administering per os, to a warm-blooded animal in need of carbamazepine therapy, a therapeutically effective amount of carbamazepine complexed with cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl derivatives of .beta.- and .gamma.-cyclodextrin.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein the variables are defined in the specification. The compounds and their salts are soft anticholinergic/antisecretory agents especially useful as mydriatics and as antiperspirants.

Abstract: New soft .beta.-adrenergic blocking agents, useful in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disorders and in the treatment of glaucoma, have the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10; R is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p --, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 polycycloalkyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p --, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 polycycloalkenyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p -- or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkenyl-C.sub.p H.sub.2p -- (wherein p is 0, 1, 2 or 3), or together with the adjacent ##STR2## group represents a variety of other complex ester groupings; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl; and Ar is a divalent radical containing at least one aromatic nucleus. The corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are also described.

Abstract: The subject compounds, which are adapted for the site-specific/sustained delivery of centrally acting drug species to the brain, are:(a) compounds of the formula[D-DHC] (I)wherein [D] is a centrally acting drug species, and [DHC] is the reduced, biooxidizable, blood-brain barrier penetrating lipoidal form of a dihydropyridine .revreaction. pyridinium salt redox carrier, with the proviso that when [DHC] is ##STR1## wherein R is lower alkyl or benzyl and [D] is a drug species containing a single NH.sub.2 or OH functional group, the single OH group when present being a primary or secondary OH group, said drug species being linked directly through said NH.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein [D] is the residue of a drug having a reactive functional group, said functional group being attached, directly or through a bridging group, via an oxygen-phosphorus bond to the phosphorus atom of the ##STR2## moiety; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 heteroaryl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloheteroalkyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl; and R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkenyl having one or two double bonds; (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl)--C.sub.r H.sub.2r --wherein r is zero, one, two or three, the cycloalkyl portion being unsubstituted or bearing 1 or 2 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituents on the ring portion; (C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryloxy)C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A dihydropyridine.revreaction.pyridinium salt type of redox, or chemical, delivery system for the site-specific and/or site-enhanced delivery of a radionuclide to the brain. A chelating agent capable of chelating with a radionuclide and having a reactive hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, amide or imide group is coupled to a carrier moiety comprising a dihydropyridinie.revreaction.pyridinium salt nucleus and then complexed with a radionuclide to provide a new radionuclide pharmaceutial that, in its lipoidal dihydropyridine form, penetrates the blood-brain barrier (`BBB`) and allows increased levels of radionuclide concentration in the brain, particularly since oxidation of the dihydropyridine carrier moiety in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt retards elimination from the brain while elimination from the general circulation is accelerated. This radionuclide delivery system is well suited for use in scintigraphy and similar radiographic techniques.