Abstract: In an example, transactions are secured between electronic circuits in a memory fabric. An electronic circuit may receive a transaction integrity key. The electronic circuit may compute a truncated message authentication code (MAC) using the received transaction integrity key and attach the truncated MAC to a security message header (SMH) of the transaction.

Abstract: A method of certifying a state of a platform includes receiving one or more software elements of a software stack of the platform by an authentication module and performing a hash algorithm on the software stack to generate one or more hash values. The software stack uniquely determines a software state of the platform. The method includes generating creation data, a creation hash, and a creation ticket, corresponding to the hash values and sending the creation ticket to the platform. The method also includes receiving the creation ticket by the authentication module and certifying the creation data and the creation hash based on the creation ticket. The method further includes generating a certified structure based on the creation data and performing the hash algorithm on the certified structure to generate a hash of the certified structure. The certified structure uniquely determines the software state of the platform.

Abstract: A method for secure data protection includes generating a firmware digital certificate for a layer of firmware. The firmware operates a hardware component of a compute node. The firmware digital certificate is an attribute certificate. The firmware digital certificate includes a cumulative hash of the layer of firmware and a nonce. The cumulative hash includes a concatenation of a hash of the layer of firmware and a hash of each one or more lower layers of the firmware. The method includes authenticating the layer of firmware using a trusted data store. The trusted data store includes a binary image of an expected layer of firmware and a certificate chain comprising the hardware digital certificate and the firmware digital certificate.

Abstract: Secure management of computing code is provided herein. The computing code corresponds to computing programs including firmware and software that are stored in the memory of a computing device. When a processor attempts to read or execute computing code, a security controller measures that code and/or corresponding program, thereby generating a security measurement value. The security controller uses the security measurement value to manage access to the memory. The security measurement value can be analyzed together with integrity values of the computing programs, which are calculated while holding the reset of the processor. The integrity values indicate the validity or identity of the stored computing programs, and provide a reference point with which computing programs being read or executed can be compared. The security controller can manage access to memory based on the security measurement value by hiding or exposing portions of the memory to the processor.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to integrity monitoring of a computing system using a kernel that can update its own code. Trust of state information is verified. Kernel code and module code are loaded into memory that is accessible to a device separate from a processor that loads the kernel code and module code. A measurement module is verified and loaded into memory. The state information can correspond to multiple symbols. The measurement module can measure the state information corresponding to each of the respective symbols to generate a set of initial measurements. The set of initial measurements can be provided to a device for integrity monitoring. The device is to compare a current measurement with an initial measurement to determine if a potential violation occurred. The device is to use a representation of a jump table to determine whether the potential violation is a violation.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to integrity monitoring of a computing system. Trust of state information is verified. Kernel code and module code are loaded into memory that is accessible to a device separate from a processor that loads the kernel code and module code. A measurement module is verified and loaded into memory. The state information can correspond to multiple symbols. The measurement module can measure the state information corresponding to each of the respective symbols to generate a set of initial measurements. The set of initial measurements can be provided to a device for integrity monitoring.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to storage systems for containers. An example storage system may include a set of servers associated with a global namespace for containers, a plurality of storage domains connected under the global namespace, and a processor to identify a storage tree for a container image of a container, where the storage tree is mapped to a storage domain storing the container image, and to clone the container to a second container, where the second container image is stored in a second storage domain.

Abstract: A trusted computing integrity measurement architecture (IMA) security method may include receiving a command to carry out an event for a container with respect to a file of the container, the container being identified by a namespace, measuring the file to produce a measurement value for the file and storing the measurement value, an identification of the file and the namespace in an entry of an IMA log.

Abstract: A method comprising: generating, with a device, a nonce; writing, with the device, the nonce to a memory location accessible to a kernel; initializing the kernel; in response to an end of initialization, measuring a specified kernel space to produce a first result; writing the first result to a register of a second device; writing a location and size of the specified kernel space to a buffer; measuring the buffer; writing a result of buffer measurement to a second register of the second device; requesting a quote from the second device, the quote to include the nonce, the contents of the register, and the contents of the second register; and passing the quote to the device.

Abstract: A method comprising: launching, by a pre-boot environment, a pre-boot launch enclave (LE); creating, by the pre-boot LE, a launch token for a pre-boot quoting enclave (QE); authenticating, by the pre-boot LE, the launch token; launching, by the pre-boot environment with the launch token in response to the authentication, the pre-boot QE; generating, by the pre-boot QE, a public provisioning key, a private provisioning key, and an attestation key; verifying, by the pre-boot QE with a public key, authenticity of a device; securing, by the pre-boot QE with the public provisioning key, private provisioning key, and the public key, a communication channel with the device; encrypting, by the pre-boot QE with a system specific seal key, the public provisioning key, the private provisioning key, and the attestation key; and storing, by the pre-boot QE, the encrypted public provisioning key, the encrypted private provisioning key, and the encrypted attestation key in the device.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to determination as to whether a process is infected with malware. For example, in an implementation, information of a process extracted from a snapshot of system memory is obtained. A determination as to whether the process is infected with malware is made based on a process model.

Abstract: Examples relate to integrity reports. In an implementation, an entity for executing a function is launched, the entity operating one or more files for executing the function. In response to the entity being launched, an entity image integrity report is generated comprising, for one or more files operated by the entity, a reference to the file measurement in a first integrity report the first integrity report containing measurements of a plurality of files operable in one or more entities. Alternatively, in response to the entity being launched, an entity integrity report is generated comprising a file measurement for each of the files operated by the entity.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to executing services in containers. The examples disclosed herein include a computing device comprising instructions to load an inner portion of an operating system kernel in an inner region of a kernel space and an outer portion of the operating system kernel in an outer region of the kernel space. The example computing device may execute a service in a container in a user space. The container may be communicatively coupled with the outer region of the operating system kernel but divided from the inner portion of the operating system kernel.

Abstract: A system comprising an inner kernel of an operating system (OS) running at a higher privilege level than an outer kernel of the OS, the inner kernel to measure a data structure in a memory; a device including a measurement engine to measure the data structure in the memory, wherein the device operates independently of the OS; and a trusted execution environment including an application to compare measurements from the inner kernel and the measurement engine.

Abstract: A control device performs an admissions control process with a first device to determine whether the first device is authorized to communicate over the communication fabric that supports memory semantic operations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of heavy duty relays with electromagnetic, pneumatic or other mechanical means of actuation. In particular the invention relates to a relay or contactor which addresses the problem of contact welds formed during actuation of the relay. In one aspect the invention provides an electrical relay comprising a contact bridge portion carrying at least two spaced apart electrical contact surfaces, a terminal portion comprising at least two corresponding spaced apart electrical contact surfaces, and an actuating mechanism for selectively bringing the electrical contact surfaces of the bridge portion into electrical contact.

Abstract: A control device performs an admissions control process with a first device to determine whether the first device is authorized to communicate over the communication fabric that supports memory semantic operations.

Abstract: Examples include configuration of a memory controller for copy-on-write with a resource controller. Some examples include, in response to a determination to take a snapshot of memory accessible to a first component, a resource controller configuring a memory controller to treat location IDs, mapped to initial memory locations of the accessible memory, as copy-on-write for the first component and not for a second component independent of the resource controller after the configuring.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to instantiating containers. For example, in an embodiment, integrity of a container image may be verified by executing a verification program using verification information associated with the container image. Provenance of the container image may be verified by checking a log associated with the container image. A container may be instantiated from the container image by loading a file system associated with the container image. The file system associated with the container image may be isolated from the verification information and the log.

Abstract: According to an example, memory integrity checking may include receiving computer program code, and using a loader to load the computer program code in memory. Memory integrity checking may further include verifying the integrity of the computer program code by selectively implementing synchronous verification and/or asynchronous verification. The synchronous verification may be based on loader security features associated with the loading of the computer program code. Further, the asynchronous verification may be based on a media controller associated with the memory containing the computer program code.