Abstract: A catheter and introducer sheath assembly is provided for measuring a flow rate in a conduit by dilution methods. The catheter is configured to engage the introducer sheath in a predetermined alignment, where an indicator is passed through a volume defined by an exterior of the catheter and an interior of the introducer sheath to be introduced into the flow to be measured. The determination of the indicator temperature is extrapolated or estimated from (i) an observed temperature curve of an indicator sensor on the catheter that records a substitution of warmed fluid in the sheath by the introduced indicator and (ii) a pre-examined, predetermined or identified thermal properties or characteristics of the sensor, the catheter, or the sensor and catheter. The determination of the flow rate in the conduit is estimated using (i) the area of the dilution bolus and (ii) the return to baseline of the dilution bolus.

Abstract: A catheter and introducer sheath assembly is provided for measuring a flow rate in a conduit by dilution methods. The catheter is configured to engage the introducer sheath in a predetermined alignment, where an indicator is passed through a volume defined by an exterior of the catheter and an interior of the introducer sheath to be introduced into the flow to be measured. The determination of the indicator temperature is extrapolated or estimated from (i) an observed temperature curve of an indicator sensor on the catheter that records a substitution of warmed fluid in the sheath by the introduced indicator and (ii) a pre-examined, predetermined or identified thermal properties or characteristics of the sensor, the catheter, or the sensor and catheter. The determination of the flow rate in the conduit is estimated using (i) the area of the dilution bolus and (ii) the return to baseline of the dilution bolus.

Abstract: A system of identifying an ultrafiltration rate in a renal replacement therapy device is provided, wherein the system includes a controller connected to a first flow sensor obtaining flow rate data from a blood withdrawal line and a second sensor obtaining flow rate data from a blood delivery line. The controller calibrates, such as matches, the first flow sensor and the second flow sensor from flow measurements during periods of known ultrafiltration by the renal replacement therapy device. The controller is further configured to perform periodic equalization of the flow sensors, at a known ultrafiltration rate during the treatment session. The controller can employ flow rate data from the calibrated or equalized first flow sensor and the second flow sensor to calculate an ultrafiltration rate of the renal replacement therapy device based on the measured blood flow into and out of the renal replacement therapy device.

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, such as veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, includes determining (i) a first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a first carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the first removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; establishing a second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood in the oxygenator in the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit; determining (i) a second arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a second carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; and calculating a cardiac output of the patient corresponding to a blood flow rate through the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, the first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate,

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, such as veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, includes determining (i) a first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a first carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the first removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; establishing a second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood in the oxygenator in the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit; determining (i) a second arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a second carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; and calculating a cardiac output of the patient corresponding to a blood flow rate through the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, the first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate,

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output (CO) of a patient undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation includes measuring first oxygenated blood flow rate by a pump in the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit as introduced into an arterial portion of the patient circulation system and a corresponding arterial oxygen saturation, then changing the pump flow rate, such as decreasing, to produce a corresponding change in arterial oxygen saturation (wherein such change is outside of normal operating variances, operating errors or drift), which change in the arterial oxygen saturation is measured. From the first flow rate and the second flow rate along with the corresponding measured arterial oxygen saturation, the CO of the patient can be calculated, without reliance upon a measure of venous oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit includes determining the cardiac output corresponding to a blood flow rate through an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, a first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate, a first carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to a first removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; a second arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and a second carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to a second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood.

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output (CO) of a patient undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation includes measuring first oxygenated blood flow rate by a pump in the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit as introduced into an arterial portion of the patient circulation system and a corresponding arterial oxygen saturation, then changing the pump flow rate, such as decreasing, to produce a corresponding change in arterial oxygen saturation (wherein such change is outside of normal operating variances, operating errors or drift), which change in the arterial oxygen saturation is measured. From the first flow rate and the second flow rate along with the corresponding measured arterial oxygen saturation, the CO of the patient can be calculated, without reliance upon a measure of venous oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying a disruption of a flow from an extracorporeal circuit to a patient circulatory system is based on flow rate data, such as from a venous line of the extracorporeal circuit. A patient contribution to the flow rate data is identified and monitored to assess a disruption of the extracorporeal circuit and the patient circulatory system, or access device. A spectrum analysis can be performed on the flow rate data to identify a harmonic corresponding to the patient contribution, wherein a change in or disappearance of the identified harmonic can be used to identify a disruption of the flow.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying a disruption of a flow from an extracorporeal circuit to a patient circulatory system, such as a venous needle dislodgement or an access-bloodline separation, is based on flow rate data of the extracorporeal circuit. A patient contribution to the flow rate data can be identified as a harmonic and monitored to assess the presence of the disruption. The system can identify an inharmonic change, such as a spike, in the flow rate in the extracorporeal circuit, wherein the inharmonic change can be used alone or in conjunction with the identified harmonic to assess the existence of the disruption. The system can employ the spike in a blood flow rate as well as a spike in a dialysate flow rate fluidly connected to the extracorporeal circuit, wherein the spike can be used to identify the disruption.

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit includes measuring first oxygenated blood flow rate by a pump in the extracorporeal circuit and a corresponding arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation in the extracorporeal circuit, then changing the pump flow rate, such as decreased, to produce a corresponding change in arterial oxygen saturation (wherein such change is outside of normal operating variances or drift), which change in the arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation are measured. From the first flow rate and the second flow rate along with the corresponding measured recirculation and the arterial oxygen saturation, the CO of the patient can be calculated, without reliance upon a measure of venous oxygen saturation. The system also includes an accommodation of oxygenation by the lungs of the patient during the extracorporeal blood oxygenation.

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit includes measuring first oxygenated blood flow rate by a pump in the extracorporeal circuit and a corresponding arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation in the extracorporeal circuit, then changing the pump flow rate, such as decreased, to produce a corresponding change in arterial oxygen saturation (wherein such change is outside of normal operating variances or drift), which change in the arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation are measured. From the first flow rate and the second flow rate along with the corresponding measured recirculation and the arterial oxygen saturation, the CO of the patient can be calculated, without reliance upon a measure of venous oxygen saturation. The system also includes an accommodation of oxygenation by the lungs of the patient during the extracorporeal blood oxygenation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an assessment of a physiological parameter of a patient connected to an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, wherein the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit includes a pump imparting at least a partial flow of blood through the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit. A controller and sensors are provided for monitoring an interaction between the pump performance and the physiological parameters of the patient connected to an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit. The physiological parameters of the patient include cardiac output and stroke volume. By observing the value of the withdrawn and/or delivered blood flow and/or its fluctuations or a parameter related to this blood flow and/or its fluctuations, an assessment of the physiological parameters of the patient is provided noninvasively and continuously.

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, such as veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, includes determining (i) a first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a first carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the first removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; establishing a second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood in the oxygenator in the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit; determining (i) a second arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a second carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; and calculating a cardiac output of the patient corresponding to a blood flow rate through the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, the first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate,

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output (CO) of a patient undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation includes measuring first oxygenated blood flow rate by a pump in the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit as introduced into an arterial portion of the patient circulation system and a corresponding arterial oxygen saturation, then changing the pump flow rate, such as decreasing, to produce a corresponding change in arterial oxygen saturation (wherein such change is outside of normal operating variances, operating errors or drift), which change in the arterial oxygen saturation is measured. From the first flow rate and the second flow rate along with the corresponding measured arterial oxygen saturation, the CO of the patient can be calculated, without reliance upon a measure of venous oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit includes measuring first oxygenated blood flow rate by a pump in the extracorporeal circuit and a corresponding arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation in the extracorporeal circuit, then changing the pump flow rate, such as decreased, to produce a corresponding change in arterial oxygen saturation (wherein such change is outside of normal operating variances or drift), which change in the arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation are measured. From the first flow rate and the second flow rate along with the corresponding measured recirculation and the arterial oxygen saturation, the CO of the patient can be calculated, without reliance upon a measure of venous oxygen saturation. The system also includes an accommodation of oxygenation by the lungs of the patient during the extracorporeal blood oxygenation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for measuring or monitoring oxygenator blood volume of a treatment device such as an oxygenator by analyzing an indicator passing through the oxygenator blood volume. Measuring the oxygenator blood volume can be done externally of the vein or artery, or in tubing leading to a blood treatment system which carries the blood exterior of the body of the patient or within the body of the patient. The present system can also monitor tubing volume of flowing blood upstream or downstream of the blood treatment device. The present system thus provides for measuring the volume of an extracorporeal circuit and creates an opportunity to control circuit performance and give an early warning of clotting to improve the quality of a variety of extracorporeal procedures with the use of relatively simple technology.

Abstract: A system and accompanying method is provided for assessing a ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow in patients with a single-ventricle physiology (SVP). A compound dilution curve is recorded in an arterial vessel downstream of the pulmonary artery. A first component of the compound dilution curve is identified, wherein the first component is attributable to the indicator after passing through the single ventricle heart and directly into the arterial vessel A second component of the compound dilution curve is identified, wherein the second component is attributable to the indicator after passing from the single ventricle heart to the lungs, through the single ventricle heart and then to the arterial vessel downstream of the pulmonary artery. Based on the identified components, the pulmonary flow and systemic flow are assessed as corresponding to the identified first component and second component of the compound dilution curve.

Abstract: A catheter for retrograde orientation in a blood flow is used to determine the blood flow rate by thermodilution measurements. The determination of the blood flow rate accommodates injectate induced thermal influences on a dilution thermal sensor, wherein the thermal influences can occur prior to introduction of the injectate into the blood flow.

Abstract: A method for determining cardiac output in conjunction with flow through an extracorporeal circuit, wherein flow through an arterial line of the extracorporeal circuit is temporarily reversed and an indicator is passed through the cardiopulmonary circuit. A dilution curve is measured in the arterial line of the extracorporeal circuit during the reversed flow, and cardiac output is determined corresponding to the measured dilution curve.