Abstract: A turbocharger for an automotive vehicle includes a rotatable shaft having a cup-shaped section to which an axial projection of a turbine wheel is fitted under a shrinkage fit. The rotatable shaft is rotatably supported by ball bearings. A nut is screwed on the rotatable shaft in a manner to clamp the ball bearings together with a compressor wheel between the nut and the cup-shaped section. The inner race of the ball bearing on the turbine wheel side is in axially tight contact with an abutting surface formed in the rotatable shaft. In this arrangement, a setting is made to satisfy the following formula. l/P.gtoreq.0.002 where l is a distance (mm) in the rotatable shaft, between a bottom inner surface of the cup-shaped section and the abutting surface; and P is an axial tensile force developed by screwing up the nut in the direction of the cup-shaped section.

Abstract: A method for making a medical instrument from vinyl chloride resin. The method comprises forming two vinyl chloride members and adhering the vinyl chloride resin members together. The adhering of the vinyl chloride members together comprises applying to one or both surfaces of portions of the vinyl chloride resin members to be adhered together a liquid lubricant, which is compatible with vinyl chloride resin and which dissolves vinyl chloride resins and then joining the portions to be adhered together in close adhesion with each other. This method produces vinyl chloride resin medical instruments in a safer fashion than those produced by using an organic solvent.

Abstract: In a ceramic rotor and metal shaft assembly, a ceramic rotor has a protruded portion and is joined at the protruded portion to a recessed portion of a metal shaft by shrinkage fit or the like fitting method of fixedly holding the protruded and recessed portions relative to each other by making the mating circumferential surfaces of the protruded and recessed portions pressed against each other. The recessed portion has a minimum thickness wall between a circumferential wall and a bottom wall. The protruded and recessed portions have a set relationship of0.05.ltoreq.t/d.ltoreq.0.2where t is a thickness of the minimum wall portion of the recessed portion and D is an outer diameter of the protruded portion.

Abstract: A blood bag of the present invention comprises a blood collection container; a tube communicating with the blood collection container and provided with a blood collecting needle at its distal end; and a blood collecting tube receiving member attached to the tube detachably or movably along the tube. Before labels are stuck on, a blood collecting tube into which blood has been collected from this blood bag is not confused with another blood collecting tube into which blood has been collected from another blood bag, or after labels are stuck on, blood is not collected from another blood bag into a blood collecting tube in which has been stuck a label having the same as serial number as a label stuck on this blood bag, so as to avoid a danger that blood having an infectious disease is transfused for mistaking it for safe blood.

Abstract: In heat-connections between metal and ceramic, martensite stainless steel or martensite heat-resistant steel which can be hardened by quenching in a gas or vacuum after having been heated beyond the quench hardening temperature thereof are used as metal. The heat connection is by brazing or shrinkage fit at 800.degree. C. or more. Stress strain caused by a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the two can be reduced. Further, since the metal can be connected to the ceramic while hardening the metal, man-hours can be reduced markedly.

Abstract: In heat-connection between metal and ceramic, martensite stainless steel or martensite heat-resistant steel which can be hardened a gas or vacuum after having been heated beyond the quenching temperature thereof are used as metal. The heat connection is brazing or shrinkage fit at 800.degree. C. or more. Stress strain caused by a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the two can be reduced. Further, since the metal can be connected to ceramic while hardening the metal, man-hour can be reduced markedly.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell assembly comprises at least one planar fuel cell consisting of a solid oxide electrolyte sandwiched by an anode and a cathode, and at least two gas separators having gas passages for supplying anode gas and cathode gas to said anode and cathode. The at least one fuel cell and at least two separators are arranged one on the other to form a fuel cell assembly. The gas separators except for the uppermost separator are integrally provided at its periphery with an upwardly extending side wall spaced from adjacent upper gas separator to form a space surrounding the fuel cell located thereon, and the space is charged with a nonconducting high viscous melt. The fuel cell assembly may comprises a plurality of planar fuel cells and a plurality of planar separators arranged one on the another to form a fuel cell stack and may be arranged in a open-topped box-like housing charged with a nonconducting high viscous melt.

Abstract: A joint structure for joining a ceramic member to a metallic member where the two members have substantially cylindrical end portions. The end portions are place in an abutting relationship and joining member adherent to both connect the two members. A sleeve member covers the joint and is affixed at least to the surface of the end portion of the device having a composition most like the sleeve member. Where the sleeve member is metallic, the surface of the sleeve member is affixed to the metallic portion of the device.

Abstract: A rotor assembly consists of a rotor shaft having a shoulder, turbine wheel, inner ring of a ball bearing and spacer having an end face cooperating with the shoulder to clamp therebetween the inner ring. An aspect of the present invention resides in that a perpendicularity of the end face relative to a center axis of the spacer is equal to or smaller than 0.1% of an inner diameter of the spacer. A clearance is provided between the rotor shaft and the spacer so that the spacer is secured by press fitting to the rotor shaft only at the opposite end portions. Another aspect of the present invention resides in that the rotor assembly is constructed so as to satisfy at least one of the following two factors, i.e., (I) a volume of the clearance is equal to or smaller than 2% of that of an inner space of the spacer and (II) (D2-D1) is equal to or smaller than 2% of D1 where D1 is an outer diameter of the rotor shaft and D2 is an inner diameter of the spacer.

Abstract: Synthetic lubricating oils comprising as the main component at least one member selected from the group consisting of specified napthoic acid esters, naphthyl ethers and naphthol esters.

Abstract: An internal combustion engines comprises at least one exhaust valve made of ceramics per each engine cylinder and a pluarality of intake valves made of steel. The relation in number and valve head diameter between the intake and exhaust valves is designed so as to give Pe<Pi and De>Di where Pe is the number of exhaust valves per each engine cylinder, Pi is the number of intake valve per each engine cylinder, De is the valve head diameter of the exhaust valves and Di is the valve head diameter of the intake valve.

Abstract: A rocker arm comprises an arm section extending throughout the overall length thereof. The arm section is made of ceramics and adapted to engage a cam, valve stem and a lash adjuster.

Abstract: An adjustment mechanism for a ceramic rocker arm. The ceramic rocker arm is formed with a smooth bored opening through the adjustment end of the rocker arm. An externally threaded adjusting shaft is passed through the opening and an internally threaded locking member such as a locking nut is disposed on the shaft and engaged on the external threads. An internally threaded member is disposed to engage the external threads of the shaft and also engage the adjustment end of the rocker arm.

Abstract: In a turbine rotor composed of a ceramic turbine blade and a metal shaft with an end to be machined, martensite stainless steel or martensite heat-resistant steel which can be hardened in a gas or vacuum after having been heated beyond the quenching temperature thereof is used as the metal. The ceramic blade and the metal shaft are heat-connected by brazing or shrinkage fit at 800.degree. C., or more. The metal shaft hardened through the heat-connection is tempered only at the end to be machined or the metal shaft heated to the quenching temperature is quench hardened only in part other than the end to be machined, thus facilitating the machining of the metal shaft locally which keeping the remaining part thereof in a quench hardened condition.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition which comprises (I) a base oil selected from mineral oils having an aromatic content of not higher than 30 wt %, synthetic oils which are free of aromatic rings in the structural units, and mixtures thereof, and (II) 0.01 to 5.0 wt %, based on the total composition, of N-p-branched alkylphenyl-alphanaphthylamine which has an alkyl moiety having 12 or 15 carbon atoms and which is derived from a propylene oligomer.

Abstract: In order to remove particulate matter from the exhaust gases which flow into the turbine impeller scroll of a internal combustion engine turbocharger, a separator which settles or centrifugally separates the solids from the gases is disposed between the engine manifold and the turbocharger. The separator is arranged to communicate with the turbocharger waste gate so that collected particulate matter is carried out of the device when the valve is opened to vent excessive back pressure.

Abstract: A power-transmitting ceramic to metal joint structure including a first shaft consisting essentially of a sintered ceramic material, one portion of the shaft defining a first mating surface; an intermediate insert consisting essentially of a sintered ceramic material, the insert having two opposite insert mating surfaces, the insert having a thickness between the opposite insert mating surfaces in the range of from about 1.5 to about 20% of a distance defined by the cross section of the first mating surface and a flexural strength of not less than about 70% of the sintered ceramic material comprising the first shaft; a second shaft consisting essentially of metal, one portion of the second shaft defining a second mating surface; and brazing filler means affixing the first mating surface to one of the insert mating surfaces and the second mating surface to the opposite insert mating surface, the aforementioned mating surfaces being affixed in abutting relationships.

Abstract: A turbocharging system for an internal combustion engine improves performance and efficiency under low-speed, high-load operating conditions by adding secondary air to the exhaust gas upstream of the turbocharger. The secondary air combusts with unburned fuel contained in the exhaust gas to increase the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas driving the turbocharger. Secondary air is added only when the exhaust gas temperature is above a prescribed temperature and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is below a prescribed ratio.

Abstract: A turbine having an improved connection between a ceramic rotor and a metal turbine shaft. The juncture between the rotor and the turbine shaft is disposed between a bearing supporting the turbine shaft and a sealing ring isolating the rotor from the oil reservoir of the turbine. A groove is formed at the juncture. Oil is allowed to circulate around the groove at the juncture between the rotor and the shaft, thereby providing a lowered temperature of the juncture, and hence preventing separation between the rotor and shaft due to differences in coefficients of thermal expansion.

Abstract: Composite turbine shaft includes a ceramic shaft and a metal shaft, both ends being butt-joined by brazing wherein a center void is provided in the ceramic shaft end so as to secure good heat insulation as well as strong junction even under the difference in thermal expansion between the ceramic shaft and the metal shaft.