Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix manner and regard each group of the pixels arranged along every gate signal line as a line, the present invention provides means for accumulating both signal levels of pixel data for odd-numbered lines of the pixels and for even-numbered lines of the pixels separately every frame period, means for obtaining a subtracted value by subtracting one of the accumulated values of the signal levels from another thereof, and means for transmitting alternation signal which changes voltage polarity applied to a liquid crystal layer by modifying a phase thereof with respect to the subtracted value, so that flickers appearing on a display screen is efficiently suppressed.

Abstract: There is provided an optical apparatus which has excellent assembly performance, can suppress an increase in cost, and attain a decrease in thickness. The optical apparatus includes a board (1) having a photographing optical system and a mechanical system mounted on its surface. A plurality of opening portions (1a, 1b, 1c) are formed in the board (1). The opening portion (1a) is sealed with a sealing member such as a glass member to allow a light beam to pass and prevent dust and the like from entering the storage space for parts between the board (1) and a shield case (49). The photographing optical system mounted on the board (1) includes a stop unit (30) for adjusting the light amount of an object image guided through the opening portion (1a), and prism-like optical members (G1, G2, G3, G4), each consisting of, e.g., a glass or plastic material and having a sculptured surface as a reflecting surface.

Abstract: A reflecting type of zoom optical system comprises a plurality of optical elements each of which includes a transparent body and two refracting surfaces and a plurality of reflecting surfaces formed on the transparent body and is arranged so that a light beam enters the transparent body from one of the two refracting surfaces, repeatedly undergoes reflection by the plurality of reflecting surfaces, and exits from the other of the two refracting surfaces, and/or a plurality of optical elements on each of which a plurality of reflecting surfaces made from surface reflecting mirrors are integrally formed, and each of which is arranged so that an entering light beam repeatedly undergoes reflection by the plurality of reflecting surfaces and exits from the optical element.

Abstract: The head and face washing apparatus of the invention is designed to prevent scattering of fluid and enhance the washing efficiency. The head and face washing apparatus comprises pumps (103a to 103d) for supplying washing fluid through supply pipes (101a to 103d), plural spouts (105) for ejecting the washing fluid, and supply passages (106a to 106d) for supplying the washing fluid supplied through the supply pipes (101a to 101d) into the specified spout (105). Washing fluid is continuously pumped out from the pump (103a), while washing fluid is pumped out intermittently from the pumps (103b to 103d). As a result, a continuous water stream is ejected from the spout group (105a), and an intermittent water stream is ejected from the spout groups (105b to 105d).

Abstract: The head and face washing apparatus of the invention is designed to prevent scattering of fluid and enhance the washing efficiency. The head and face washing apparatus comprises pumps (103a to 103d) for supplying washing fluid through supply pipes (101a to 110d), plural spouts (105) for ejecting the washing fluid, and supply passages (106a to 106d) for supplying the washing fluid supplied through the supply pipes (101a to 101d) into the specified spout (105). Washing fluid is continuously pumped out from the pump (103a), while washing fluid is pumped out intermittently from the pumps. (103b to 103d). As a result, a continuous water stream is ejected from the spout group (105a), and an intermittent water stream is ejected from the spout groups (105b to 105d).

Abstract: An optical system of reflecting type according to the invention comprises an optical element composed of a transparent body having an entrance surface, an exit surface and at least three curved reflecting surfaces of internal reflection, wherein a light beam coming from an object and entering at the entrance surface is reflected from at least one of the reflecting surfaces to form a primary image within the optical element and is, then, made to exit from the exit surface through the remaining reflecting surfaces to form an object image on a predetermined plane, and wherein 70% or more of the length of a reference axis in the optical element lies in one plane.

Abstract: The head and face washing apparatus of the invention is designed to prevent scattering of fluid and enhance the washing efficiency. The head and face washing apparatus comprises pumps (103a to 103d) for supplying washing fluid through supply pipes (101a to 101d), plural spouts (105) for ejecting the washing fluid, and supply passages (106a to 106d) for supplying the washing fluid supplied through the supply pipes (101a to 101d) into the specified spout (105). Washing fluid is continuously pumped out from the pump (103a), while washing fluid is pumped out intermittently from the pumps (103b to 103d). As a result, a continuous water stream is ejected from the spout group (105a), and an intermittent water stream is ejected from the spout groups (105b to 105d).

Abstract: There is provided an optical apparatus which has excellent assembly performance, can suppress an increase in cost, and attain a decrease in thickness. The optical apparatus includes a board (1) having a photographing optical system and a mechanical system mounted on its surface. A plurality of opening portions (1a, 1b, 1c) are formed in the board (1). The opening portion (1a) is sealed with a sealing member such as a glass member to allow a light beam to pass and prevent dust and the like from entering the storage space for parts between the board (1) and a shield case (49). The photographing optical system mounted on the board (1) includes a stop unit (30) for adjusting the light amount of an object image guided through the opening portion (1a), and prism-like optical members (G1, G2, G3, G4), each consisting of, e.g., a glass or plastic material and having a sculptured surface as a reflecting surface.

Abstract: A reflecting-type optical system according to the invention includes an optical element composed of a transparent body having an entrance surface, an exit surface and at least three curved reflecting surfaces of internal reflection. A light beam coming from an object and entering at the entrance surface is reflected from at least one of the reflecting surfaces to form a primary image within the optical element and is, then, made to exit from the exit surface through the remaining reflecting surfaces to form an object image on a predetermined plane. In the optical system, 70% or more of the length of a reference axis in the optical element lies in one plane.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus is provided which can obtain a high image quality by using a camera with a conventional field read type DSP. The image pickup apparatus has an image pickup element having a plurality of color filters disposed in a predetermined layout at respective pixel positions, a calculating and processing unit for performing calculation and processing by using two sets of adjacent pixel data in the vertical direction, at each line of image data generated by the image pickup element, and a luminance signal generating unit for generating a luminance signal by using an output of the calculating and processing unit.

Abstract: An image sensing apparatus has an image sensing unit and a display unit. The image sensing unit has an optical system for photographing an object and an image sensing element. The display unit has a liquid crystal display device for performing an image display on the basis of a video output from the image sensing unit. A film fixing unit holds the image sensing unit and the display unit at a predetermined distance and also forms a mounting unit for mounting the object on the display surface of the display unit. A film holder for holding a film as an object is mounted on the mounting unit, and a film photographing operation is performed by the image sensing unit while using the display unit as an illumination device.

Abstract: A position sensor comprising a scale structure 7 having magnetic poles positioned with a predetermined distance alternatively magnetized poles one to another, at least two magnetic sensing elements M11 and M12 having a resistance variable in response to the magnetic field of the scale structure, and external connecting terminals 14, 15, and 16 are connected for applying a voltage and for producing an output signal from the intermediate terminal. The terminals each is formed to have a width in the direction in parallel to the magnetic field being 2m times the pole width (m=1, 2, 3, . . . ) of the scale structure, thereby the terminals being prevented from the effect of resistance variation by the magnetic field to provide a position information with an increased accuracy.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises a plurality of optical elements each of which includes a transparent body having two refracting surfaces and a plurality of reflecting surfaces and is arranged so that a light beam enters the transparent body from one of the two refracting surfaces, repeatedly undergoes reflection, and exits from the other of the two refracting surfaces, and/or a plurality of optical elements on each of which a plurality of reflecting surfaces made from front surface mirrors are integrally formed, and each of which is arranged so that an entering light beam repeatedly undergoes reflection by the plurality of reflecting surfaces and exits from the optical element.

Abstract: A reflecting-type optical system according to the invention includes an optical element composed of a transparent body having an entrance surface, an exit surface and at least three curved reflecting surfaces of internal reflection. A light beam coming from an object and entering at the entrance surface is reflected from at least one of the reflecting surfaces to form a primary image within the optical element and is, then, made to exit from the exit surface through the remaining reflecting surfaces to form an object image on a predetermined plane, In the optical system, 70% or more of the length of a reference axis in the optical element lies in one plane.

Abstract: First and second optical images of an object are respectively taken using two optical filters, having different optical transfer properties, which are placed one at a time in the optical path of the taken images. The first and second optical images are converted to first and second memories, respectively. The first digital signal indicative of the first optical image is provided to a luminance-signal generator which produces a luminance signal. The second digital signal indicative of the second optical image is provided to a color-signal generator which produces a color signal. A combining unit combines the luminance signal and the color signal to produce a single image signal of the object having a suppressed color moire. An image reproduction device receives the single image signal to reproduce the image of the object.

Abstract: Each time an area of a distance measurement frame is changed at a position near the center of the lens focused position of a lens unit between the infinite range and the shortest range, a value of a high frequency component which is independent on a contrast is calculated by a system control circuit by a high frequency component in the distance measurement frame which is obtained from a high-pass filter and a luminance component which is obtained from an integrator. The calculated value is compared with a reference value by the system control circuit. When the calculated value is equal to or smaller than the reference value as a result of the comparison, the distance measurement frame is enlarged at a predetermined ratio by the system control circuit.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises a plurality of optical elements each of which includes a transparent body having two refracting surfaces and a plurality of reflecting surfaces and is arranged so that a light beam enters the transparent body from one of the two refracting surfaces, repeatedly undergoes reflection, and exits from the other of the two refracting surfaces, and/or a plurality of optical elements on each of which a plurality of reflecting surfaces made from front surface mirrors are integrally formed, and each of which is arranged so that an entering light beam repeatedly undergoes reflection by the plurality of reflecting surfaces and exits from the optical element.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus has an AF function which determines a focus state of an object using an image signal obtained from a signal output of an image pickup device and detects the lens position in an in-focus state. The apparatus includes an image-region setting circuit for selectively extracting an image region for detecting the lens position in an in-focus state, an optimum-exposure-amount calculation circuit for calculating an optimum amount of exposure for the image region using an image signal within the image region set by the image-region setting circuit, and a focus detection circuit for calculating the lens position in an in-focus state using an image signal within the image region exposed with the optimum amount of exposure calculated by the optimum-exposure-amount calculation circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coated granular curing agent, which is for use in curing at least one first radically curable compound selected from the group consisting of a radically curable resin and a radically polymerizable monomer and which comprises an organic peroxide granule, wherein the organic peroxide granule has an entire surface thereof coated with a layer of a cured resin derived from at least one second radically curable compound selected from the group consisting of a radically curable resin and a radically polymerizable monomer, and wherein the first and second radically curable compounds are the same or different. The coated granular curing agent of the present invention is advantageous not only in that the curing agent can be handled with ease, but also in that the curing agent can be uniformly dispersed in a radically curable compound, so that it exhibits excellent curing performance.

Abstract: A position sensor comprising a scale structure 7 having magnetic poles positioned with a predetermined distance alternatively magnetized poles one to another, at least two magnetic sensing elements M11 and M12 having a resistance variable in response to the magnetic field of the scale structure, and external connecting terminals 14, 15, and 16 are connected for applying a voltage and for producing an output signal from the intermediate terminal. The terminals each is formed to have a width in the direction in parallel to the magnetic field being 2m times the pole width (m=1, 2, 3, . . . ) of the scale structure, thereby the terminals being prevented from the effect of resistance variation by the magnetic field to provide a position information with an increased accuracy.