Abstract: Provided is a piston temperature state monitoring system for an internal combustion engine and a piston temperature monitoring method for an internal combustion engine which are capable of properly managing a history of a piston temperature. When the number of times of a piston temperature suppression control is counted, if a ratio of a temperature difference which is the difference between a maximum limit temperature and a piston temperature to a margin width which is the difference between the maximum limit temperature and a control start temperature is equal to or less than a count threshold ratio set in advance or calculated, a count output system outputs a count signal.

Abstract: Provided is a piston temperature state monitoring system for an internal combustion engine and a piston temperature monitoring method for an internal combustion engine which are capable of properly managing a history of a piston temperature. When the number of times of a piston temperature suppression control is counted, if a ratio of a temperature difference which is the difference between a maximum limit temperature and a piston temperature to a margin width which is the difference between the maximum limit temperature and a control start temperature is equal to or less than a count threshold ratio set in advance or calculated, a count output system outputs a count signal.

Abstract: A medium for culturing Euglena includes a cell membrane-permeable electron mediator that includes a biocompatible moiety and a redox-active moiety. A method for culturing Euglena includes culturing Euglena in a medium including a cell membrane-permeable electron mediator that includes a biocompatible moiety and a redox-active moiety. The medium is placed in a fermenter system that includes a device for extracting electrons from the medium. A method for reducing photoinhibition in Euglena includes electrochemically culturing Euglena in a medium including a cell membrane-permeable electron mediator that includes a biocompatible moiety and a redox-active moiety. The medium is placed in a fermenter system that includes a device for extracting electrons from the medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method for biofuel based on a technology to convert carbon-dioxide as a carbon source through photosynthesis by photosynthetic microorganisms to biomass and produce biofuel of the biomass. The production method for biofuel of the present invention comprises a culturing process (S1) of culturing in a culture solution photosynthetic microorganisms which store oils, fats and carbohydrates in cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms, an oil and fat conversion process (S2) of converting the carbohydrates stored in the cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms cultured in the culture apparatus to oils and fats, an extraction process (S3) of extracting the oils and fats out of the cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms, and a reforming process (S4) to reform the extracted oils and fats.

Abstract: A method for producing a fuel oil base, comprising: a first step of aerobically culturing a microalga Euglena under a nitrogen-deficient condition; a second step of adding a nutrient to a treatment solution containing the microalga Euglena cultured in the first step, adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration of the treatment solution to 0.03 mg/L or less, and performing anaerobic fermentation of the microalga Euglena to produce a wax ester; and a third step of hydrotreating a raw material oil containing the wax ester to produce a fuel oil base.

Abstract: Provided is a method that is for producing Euglena having a high wax ester content, capable of more efficiently producing the Euglena having a high wax ester content by adding a nutrient before anaerobic fermentation to restore the efficiency of wax ester fermentation. The present invention relates to a method for producing Euglena having a high wax ester content. The main configuration of the method is that there is at least a first step of aerobically culturing microalga Euglena under nitrogen starvation conditions and a second step of holding the cells in an anaerobic state; and adding, before the second step, a nutrient source to the culture liquid which has passed through the first step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a hydrocarbon fuel, comprising a first step of holding a mixture containing an aliphatic compound produced by algae, and a hydrocarbon solvent in which critical temperature is 90° C. or higher, in a supercritical state, with temperature and pressure adjusted so that a solubility of the aliphatic compound in the hydrocarbon solvent is 15 g or less per 100 g of the hydrocarbon solvent, and then recovering a soluble portion of the aliphatic compound in the hydrocarbon solvent; and a second step of subjecting the soluble portion recovered in the first step to hydrotreatment using a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method for biofuel based on a technology to convert carbon-dioxide as a carbon source through photosynthesis by photosynthetic microorganisms to biomass and produce biofuel of the biomass. The production method for biofuel of the present invention comprises a culturing process (S1) of culturing in a culture solution photosynthetic microorganisms which store oils, fats and carbohydrates in cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms, an oil and fat conversion process (S2) of converting the carbohydrates stored in the cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms cultured in the culture apparatus to oils and fats, an extraction process (S3) of extracting the oils and fats out of the cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms, and a reforming process (S4) to reform the extracted oils and fats.

Abstract: Provided is a process and catalyst for hydrocracking paraffinic hydrocarbons which provides satisfactorily high cracking activity and middle distillate yield as well as the low pour point of the resulting gas oil all together. The catalyst of the present invention comprises a crystalline aluminosilicate, alumina-boria and a noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel supply pump including a tappet structure body having a roller that contacts a cam and a tappet body disposed with a roller housing portion in which the roller is housed, with a pressure adjusting member for dispersing load force being interposed between the tappet body and a plunger. The pressure adjusting member includes a concave portion in a center portion of a surface that faces the tappet body and contacts the tappet body at the peripheral portion of the concave portion.

Abstract: A fuel supply pump with a large fuel discharge amount and a tappet structure body, which are suitably used for an accumulated pressure-type fuel injection device that mechanically amplifies pressure, is provided. A fuel supply pump has a tappet structural body and a spring sheet, wherein a penetration portion for allowing passage of a lubricant or a fuel for lubrication therethrough by coordinating the tappet structure and the spring sheet is provided between a spring-holding chamber for holding a spring to be used for pulling up a plunger and a cam chamber for housing a cam to be used for moving the plunger up and down.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided which is low in methane selectivity in a high CO conversion region and high in chain growth probability ? in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and comprises a support comprising silica or alumina and an oxide of zirconium and/or titanium loaded thereon in film form in an amount ranging from 0.5 percent by mass to 10.0 percent in terms of metal, and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and ruthenium loaded on the support.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel supply pump including a tappet structure body having a roller that contacts a cam and a tappet body disposed with a roller housing portion in which the roller is housed, with a pressure adjusting member for dispersing load force being interposed between the tappet body and a plunger. The pressure adjusting member includes a concave portion in a center portion of a surface that faces the tappet body and contacts the tappet body at the peripheral portion of the concave portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel supply pump which is suitably used in a booster-type accumulator fuel injection device and a tappet structural body which is suitable for the fuel supply pump. For this end, in a tappet structural body which includes a roller and a tappet body portion which houses a roller therein and a fuel supply pump provided with the tappet structural body, the roller is rotatably held on a roller receiver of the tappet body portion and the tappet structural body includes a plate-like or a wire-like restricting means which restricts the movement of the roller in the rotary axis direction.

Abstract: Provided is a process and catalyst for hydrocracking paraffinic hydrocarbons which provides satisfactorily high cracking activity and middle distillate yield as well as the low pour point of the resulting gas oil all together. The catalyst of the present invention comprises a crystalline aluminosilicate, alumina-boria and a noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A fuel control device (11) which is provided on a fuel outlet side of a low-pressure pump (3) for controlling a fuel supply pressure from the low-pressure pump (3) to a predetermined pressure includes a pressure control valve (50) for controlling a fuel pressure of the fuel outlet side and a fuel takeout valve (60). The fuel takeout valve (60) has a valve opening pressure which is smaller than a valve opening pressure of the pressure control valve (50), a drain port (50C) of the pressure control valve (50) and a drain port (61C) of the fuel takeout vale (60) are connected to a fuel low-pressure side by way of a drain pipe (13), and back pressures of pistons (52), (62) are maintained at a fuel-low-pressure-side pressure of the low-pressure pump (3).

Abstract: In a fuel supply system (1), a fuel pressure regulating valve (11) disposed at a fuel outlet side of a low-pressure pump (3) in order to regulate the pressure of supply fuel from the low-pressure pump (3) to a predetermined pressure is housed inside a cylinder (31) such that a piston (32) is elastically urged by an elastic urging mechanism (33) toward a pressure receiving port (11A), the piston (32) is configured such that the pressure of the fuel at the fuel outlet side is regulated as a result of the piston opening/closing an overflow port (11B) disposed in a side wall portion of the cylinder (31) in response to the fuel pressure applied to the pressure receiving port (11A), a lubrication fuel outlet port (11C) for taking out fuel for lubrication is disposed in the side wall portion of the cylinder (31) at a position nearer to the pressure receiving port (11A) than the overflow port (11B), and lubricating-use fuel is taken out prior to the start of the pressure regulating operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of desulfurizing a heavy oil, which comprises diluting the heavy oil with a dilution medium to 90 percent by mass or less and cracking the diluted heavy oil at a cracking rate of 10 percent or less thereby prolonging the lifetime of a catalyst for desulfurizing a heavy oil.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel supply pump which is suitably used in a booster-type accumulator fuel injection device and a tappet structural body which is suitable for the fuel supply pump. For this end, in a fuel supply pump which includes a plurality of plunger barrels, plungers and tappet structural bodies in the inside of a pump housing, a plurality of accommodating portions for arranging the plurality of plunger barrel in parallel to each other is formed in the inside of the pump housing and an inter-cylinder connecting portion which allows lubricant or lubricating fuel to pass therethrough is provided between the plurality of accommodating portions.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided which is low in methane selectivity in a high CO conversion region and high in chain growth probability a in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and comprises a support comprising silica or alumina and an oxide of zirconium and/or titanium loaded thereon in film form in an amount ranging from 0.5 percent by mass to 10.0 percent in terms of metal, and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and ruthenium loaded on the support.