Abstract: An electrode according to the present invention includes a substrate, and a conductive layer containing carbon particles or platinum particles and a conductive binder for binding the carbon particles or platinum particles formed above the substrate. By binding the carbon particles or the platinum particles with the conductive binder, it is possible to form an electrode with a porous structure where spaces that communicate with a surface of the conductive layer are defined between the corresponding carbon particles or platinum particles, thereby increasing the effective area (surface area) of the electrode. The photoelectric conversion elements and the dye-sensitized photovoltaic or solar cells according to the present invention can be manufactured at a low cost and have an increased effective area, making it possible to obtain excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A film forming apparatus is provided which includes a device A that generates liquid fine particles having controlled particle diameters; a device B including a via for guiding the generated liquid fine particles while controlling a temperature thereof; a device C that sprays the guided liquid fine particles; and a device D including a space for forming a transparent conductive film by coating the sprayed liquid fine particles onto a subject to be processed.

Abstract: A film forming apparatus is provided which includes a device A that generates liquid fine particles having controlled particle diameters; a device B including a via for guiding the generated liquid fine particles while controlling a temperature thereof; a device C that sprays the guided liquid fine particles; and a device D including a space for forming a transparent conductive film by coating the sprayed liquid fine particles onto a subject to be processed.

Abstract: A film forming apparatus is provided which includes a device A that generates liquid fine particles having controlled particle diameters; a device B including a via for guiding the generated liquid fine particles while controlling a temperature thereof; a device C that sprays the guided liquid fine particles; and a device D including a space for forming a transparent conductive film by coating the sprayed liquid fine particles onto a subject to be processed.

Abstract: To provide an electrode substrate 1 that has a transparent conductive layer 11, a current-collecting metal layer 12 that is provided on the transparent conductive layer 11, and an insulating layer 14 that covers the current-collecting metal layer 12 on a base plate, wherein, when a thermal expansion coefficient of the base plate 10 is defined as ?, and a thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 14 is defined as ?, ?>? is satisfied, and in which the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 11 is 0.05 to 5 ?m. The electrode substrate 1 can lower the resistance of the electrode substrate 1. Moreover, it is possible to provide an electrode substrate that can suppress degradation of the characteristics due to leak current from the metal wiring to the electrolyte solution and corrosion of the current-collecting metal layer and a photoelectric conversion element that is suitably used in a solar battery.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a transparent electrode substrate with an ITO film formed thereon, used for example as the transparent electrode plate in a dye sensitized solar cell, for which the electrical resistance does not increase even when exposed to high temperatures of 300° C. or higher. In order to achieve the object, the present invention provides a substrate for a transparent electrode, wherein two or more layers of different transparent conductive films are formed on a transparent substrate, and an upper layer transparent conductive film has a higher heat resistance than that of a lower layer transparent conductive film.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition containing an ionic liquid having dicyanoamide anions as anions. Examples of cations of the ionic liquid, may include, for example, cations having a quaternized nitrogen atom. This electrolyte composition may contain a halogen-based oxidized/reduced pair. This electrolyte composition is used as an electrolyte of a photoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: A light emitting device having little variation in the intensity of light emitted from the light emitting surface is provided. The light emitting device of exemplary embodiments of the present invention 2 includes a laminated body with a first conductivity type layer and a second conductivity type layer, with a light emitting portion therebetween. The light emitting device also includes a metal thin film layer on the second conductivity type layer of the laminated body, and a transparent conductor on the metal thin film layer. The transparent conductor includes a single layer of transparent conductive film. The grain size in the light emitting surface of the transparent conductive film is not less than 30 nm and not greater than 300 nm.

Abstract: A heating cooking device includes a housing having a wall portion; a first base material provided in at least a portion of the wall portion; and optionally a second base material formed on the first base material; a heat ray reflector formed on the conductive base material, including a first transparent conductive film formed on the first base material and a second transparent conductive film that is provided on the first transparent conductive film, where the second transparent conductive film has a higher heat resistance than that of the first transparent conductive film.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for an electronic device, the method including forming a transparent conductive film, including conductive polymers, on a base material, and irradiating ultraviolet light onto a part of the transparent conductive film such that first regions of the transparent conductive film are not irradiated and second regions, adjacent to the first regions, are irradiated, thus forming irradiated portions and non-irradiated portions. The irradiated portions having an electrical resistance value higher than that of the non-irradiated portions. The ultraviolet light includes a wavelength that exhibits an absorbance in an absorption spectrum of the conductive polymers, of the transparent conductive film, two or more times higher than that of a background.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element is provided. The photoelectric conversion element includes a casing; and a stacked body enclosed within the casing, wherein the stacked body comprises: a working electrode having a porous oxide semiconductor layer having a sensitizing dye supported on a surface thereof; a counter electrode provided on a side of the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode facing the working electrode; and an electrolyte layer at least a part of which is formed between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and wherein an upper surface and a lower surface of the stacked body contacts directly or indirectly an inner surface of the casing, the portion of the casing at least contacting the working electrode being made of a material having an optical characteristic of transmitting sunlight.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition containing an ionic liquid and conductive particles as main components, an electrolyte composition containing an ionic liquid, and oxide semiconductor particles or oxide semiconductor particles, and conductive particles, and an electrolyte composition containing an ionic liquid and insulating particles are provided. Furthermore, a photoelectric conversion element comprising: a working electrode, the working electrode comprising an electrode substrate and an oxide semiconductor porous film formed on the electrode substrate and sensitized with a dye; a counter electrode disposed opposing the working electrode; and an electrolyte layer made of these electrolyte compositions is provided.

Abstract: In an electrode substrate 1, the surface of a metal circuit layer 12 is covered and insulated by an insulating layer 14. In a photoelectric conversion element that uses this electrode substrate 1, the metal circuit layer is reliably shielded from an electrolyte solution or the like so that corrosion and leak current thereof is effectively prevented, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved. The insulating layer 14 is preferably made of a material that contains a glass component, and is particularly preferably formed by printing a paste that contains glass frit. The metal circuit layer 12 is preferably formed using a printing method.

Abstract: A heating, cooking device includes a housing having a wall portion; a first base material provided in at least a portion of the wall portion; and optionally a second base material formed on the first base material; a heat ray reflector formed on the conductive base material, including a first transparent conductive film formed on the first base material and a second transparent conductive film that is provided on the first transparent conductive film, where the second transparent conductive film has a higher heat resistance than that of the first transparent conductive film.

Abstract: An electrode according to the present invention includes a substrate, and a conductive layer containing carbon particles or platinum particles and a conductive binder for binding the carbon particles or platinum particles formed above the substrate. By binding the carbon particles or the platinum particles with the conductive binder, it is possible to form an electrode with a porous structure where spaces that communicate with a surface of the conductive layer are defined between the corresponding carbon particles or platinum particles, thereby increasing the effective area (surface area) of the electrode. The photoelectric conversion elements and the dye-sensitized photovoltaic or solar cells according to the present invention can be manufactured at a low cost and have an increased effective area, making it possible to obtain excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition is in solid form, and includes a polymer compound containing a cation structure selected from a group consisting of ammonium, phosphonium and sulfonium structures in either the principal chain or a side chain of the polymer, and a halide ion and/or a polyhalide as a counter anion.

Abstract: In order to provide low-cost, long fatigue life flexible printed circuit, low profile electrolytic foil is used as copper foil for a circuit 3 of the flexible printed circuit 10. Crack which does not penetrate the copper foil should preferably be formed on the low profile electrolytic foil. For methods to form cracks on the low profile electrolytic foil, methods such as pre-bending and etching can be employed. Due to the weakness of the low profile electrolytic foil, the base film 1, the cover layer 5, and the bonding agent 2, 4 which are disposed on the both sides of the low profile electrolytic foil should preferably be plastic film of which elasticity ratio is equal to 108 Pa or more.

Abstract: A solar cell and photovoltaic power generation apparatus including a transparent electrically conductive film, a semiconductor provided on the transparent electrically conductive film, a conductive film opposing the semiconductor, and an electrolyte solution filled between the semiconductor and the conductive film. Metal ions, such as silver ions, may be dissolved in the electrolyte solution. When light is incident on the cell, the metal ions cause an oxidation-reduction reaction in the electrolyte solution and the cell is charged. When the open-circuit voltage decreases because the amount of incident light drops or light is blocked, the cell discharges to function as a secondary cell.

Abstract: The electrically conductive glass is obtained by providing a transparent electrically conductive film 12 such as ITO or FTO on a glass plate, and providing a grid including a film of a passivated metal on this transparent electrically conductive film. An insulating, fine oxide film formed on the surface of the passivated metal prevents leakage current from flowing from the grid to an electrolyte. In addition, leakage current is prevented from flowing from the transparent electrically conductive film to the electrolyte by providing a diffusion-preventing film including titanium or titanium oxide between the transparent electrically conductive film and the grid.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board (FPC) comprises a base film; a base film side adhesive layer provided on the base film; a metal foil layer on which a pattern circuit is formed, provided on the base film side adhesive layer; and a cover layer side adhesive layer provided on the metal foil layer, wherein at least one of the base film side adhesive and the cover layer side adhesive layer has a higher glass transition temperature than an operating temperature of the flexible printed circuit board, so that the FPC has a stable flexibility at high temperature.