Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a transparent electrode substrate with an ITO film formed thereon, used for example as the transparent electrode plate in a dye sensitized solar cell, for which the electrical resistance does not increase even when exposed to high temperatures of 300° C. or higher. In order to achieve the object, the present invention provides a substrate for a transparent electrode, wherein two or more layers of different transparent conductive films are formed on a transparent substrate, and an upper layer transparent conductive film has a higher heat resistance than that of a lower layer transparent conductive film.

Abstract: There are provided a method and system for intra-company group centralized management of funds, capable of foreign exchange control. The breakdown of funds concentrated to a funds concentration account to which the funds of companies belonging to a group can be known from a received deposits table sectioned for each of the companies in the group. In case the funds are managed in each currency unit by the company, each section of the received deposits table is sub-sectioned for each of the companies. The centralized funds management system has means for calculating the currency unit of the funds recorded in the received deposits table from one to another. With this system, the company can convert its own fund from an amount in one currency unit into a one in another currency unit, and also convert proceeds received in a foreign currency into a money in the currency of its own country.

Abstract: In order to provide low-cost, long fatigue life flexible printed circuit, low profile electrolytic foil is used as copper foil for a circuit 3 of the flexible printed circuit 10. Crack which does not penetrate the copper foil should preferably be formed on the low profile electrolytic foil. For methods to form cracks on the low profile electrolytic foil, methods such as pre-bending and etching can be employed. Due to the weakness of the low profile electrolytic foil, the base film 1, the cover layer 5, and the bonding agent 2, 4 which are disposed on the both sides of the low profile electrolytic foil should preferably be plastic film of which elasticity ratio is equal to 108 Pa or more.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board (FPC) comprises a base film; a base film side adhesive layer provided on the base film; a metal foil layer on which a pattern circuit is formed, provided on the base film side adhesive layer; and a cover layer side adhesive layer provided on the metal foil layer, wherein at least one of the base film side adhesive and the cover layer side adhesive layer has a higher glass transition temperature than the working environment temperature of the flexible printed circuit board, so that the FPC has a stable flexibility at high temperature.

Abstract: A method is presented for making a polycrystalline thin film (B) by depositing particles emitted from a target (36) on a substrate base (A) to form the film (B) constituted by the target material while concurrently irradiating the depositing particles with an ion beam generated by an ion source (39) at an angle of incidence, in a range of 50 to 60 degrees to a normal (H) to a film surface, and maintaining a film temperature at less than 300 degrees Celsius. This method is effective in producing an excellent alignment of crystal axes of the grains in the film when the film thickness exceeds 200 nm. The target material includes yttrium-stabilized zirconia but other material can also be used. A layer (C) of a superconducting substance formed on top of the polycrystalline thin film (B) produces a superconducting film (22) exhibiting excellent superconducting properties.

Abstract: A method is presented for making a polycrystalline thin film (B) by depositing particles emitted from a target (36) on a substrate base (A) to form the film (B) constituted by the target material while concurrently irradiating the depositing particles with an ion beam generated by an ion source (39) at an angle of incidence, in a range of 50 to 60 degrees to a normal (H) to a film surface, and maintaining a film temperature at less than 300 degrees Celsius. This method is effective in producing an excellent alignment of crystal axes of the grains in the film when the film thickness exceeds 200 nm. The target material includes yttrium-stabilized zirconia but other material can also be used. A layer (C) of a superconducting substance formed on top of the polycrystalline thin film (B) produces a superconducting film (22) exhibiting excellent superconducting properties.

Abstract: A method is presented for making a polycrystalline thin film (B) by depositing particles emitted from a target (36) on a substrate base (A) to form the film (B) constituted by the target material while concurrently irradiating the depositing particles with an ion beam generated by an ion source (39) at an angle of incidence, in a range of 50 to 60 degrees to a normal (H) to a film surface, and maintaining a film temperature at less than 300 degrees Celsius. This method is effective in producing an excellent alignment of crystal axes of the grains in the film when the film thickness exceeds 200 nm. The target material includes yttrium-stabilized zirconia but other material can also be used. A layer (C) of a superconducting substance formed on top of the polycrystalline thin film (B) produces a superconducting film (22) exhibiting excellent superconducting properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polycrystalline thin film deposit acting as a substrate material composed of grains of a cubic structure in which the intergranular misorientation, defined as the orientation difference between the a-axes (or b-axes) of the neighboring grains, is less than 30 degrees. Such a substrate base is produced by depositing a target material on a base material by sputtering while irradiating the substrate base with ion beams at an oblique angle to the base. The preferred range of the oblique angle is between 40 to 60 degrees. Examples are presented of application of such textured polycrystalline substrate base for the production of superconducting oxide thin layer of outstanding superconducting properties.