Abstract: An optical characteristics measuring method for measuring optical characteristics of a subject, the optical characteristics measuring method including: a step of acquiring one or more captured images including the subject, using an image capturing apparatus that is located at a predetermined distance from the subject, and is configured to be displaceable relative to the subject, while maintaining the predetermined distance; and a step of creating, based on the one or more captured images thus acquired, a virtual image including the subject and acquired from one or more analysis points each located at a position other than a position on a plane that includes the trajectory of the image capturing apparatus.

Abstract: an optical measurement apparatus includes: a probe including a transmissive optical member having a reference surface, the probe being configured to irradiate a sample with light through the reference surface, and receive a first reflected light from the reference surface, a second reflected light from a front side of the sample, and a third reflected light from a back side of the sample; and a calculator configured to calculate a first distance from the reference surface to the front side of the sample with use of a first reflection interference light to be generated by the first reflected light and the second reflected light, and to calculate a thickness of the sample with use of a second reflection interference light to be generated by the second reflected light and the third reflected light.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus includes: a probe including a transmissive optical member having a reference surface, the probe being configured to irradiate a sample with light through the reference surface, and receive a first reflected light from the reference surface, a second reflected light from a front side of the sample, and a third reflected light from a back side of the sample; and a calculator configured to calculate a first distance from the reference surface to the front side of the sample with use of a first reflection interference light to be generated by the first reflected light and the second reflected light, and to calculate a thickness of the sample with use of a second reflection interference light to be generated by the second reflected light and the third reflected light.

Abstract: There is provided an optical measurement method using a detector having a detection sensitivity to at least a near-infrared region. The optical measurement method including: obtaining an output value by measuring a light sample at any exposure time with the detector; and correcting the output value with an amount of correction corresponding to the output value, when the exposure time at which the output value is obtained is within a second range. The amount of correction includes a product of a coefficient and a square of the exposure time, the coefficient indicating a degree to which an output value obtained when the light sample is measured with the detector at an exposure time within the second range deviates from output linearity obtained when the light sample is measured with the detector at an exposure time within a first range.

Abstract: An optical measurement method with an optical measurement apparatus including an irradiation optical system and a measurement optical system is provided. The optical measurement method includes obtaining a distribution of actually measured values when angles of incidence are different for the same sample, calculating a modification factor depending on an angle of incidence on the measurement optical system from each measurement point in association with a region in the two-dimensional image corresponding to each measurement point in the measurement target irradiated with the measurement light, and calculating optical characteristics including a refractive index of the sample based on a group of pixel values in one row or a plurality of rows along any one direction in the distribution of the actually measured values and a corresponding modification factor.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus includes an irradiation optical system which linearly irradiates a measurement target with measurement light having a certain wavelength range, a measurement optical system which receives linear measurement interference light which is transmitted light or reflected light originating from the measurement target as a result of irradiation with the measurement light, and a processing device. The processing device includes a first calculation module that calculates a modification factor depending on with an angle of incidence on the measurement optical system from each measurement point in association with a region in the two-dimensional image corresponding to each measurement point in the measurement target irradiated with the measurement light and a second calculation module that calculates optical characteristics of the measurement target by applying the corresponding modification factor to a value for each pixel included in the two-dimensional image.

Abstract: An optical characteristics measuring method for measuring optical characteristics of a subject, the optical characteristics measuring method including: a step of acquiring one or more captured images including the subject, using an image capturing apparatus that is located at a predetermined distance from the subject, and is configured to be displaceable relative to the subject, while maintaining the predetermined distance; and a step of creating, based on the one or more captured images thus acquired, a virtual image including the subject and acquired from one or more analysis points each located at a position other than a position on a plane that includes the trajectory of the image capturing apparatus.

Abstract: An optical measurement method with an optical measurement apparatus including an irradiation optical system and a measurement optical system is provided. The optical measurement method includes obtaining a distribution of actually measured values when angles of incidence are different for the same sample, calculating a modification factor depending on an angle of incidence on the measurement optical system from each measurement point in association with a region in the two-dimensional image corresponding to each measurement point in the measurement target irradiated with the measurement light, and calculating optical characteristics including a refractive index of the sample based on a group of pixel values in one row or a plurality of rows along any one direction in the distribution of the actually measured values and a corresponding modification factor.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus includes an irradiation optical system which linearly irradiates a measurement target with measurement light having a certain wavelength range, a measurement optical system which receives linear measurement interference light which is transmitted light or reflected light originating from the measurement target as a result of irradiation with the measurement light, and a processing device. The processing device includes a first calculation module that calculates a modification factor depending on with an angle of incidence on the measurement optical system from each measurement point in association with a region in the two-dimensional image corresponding to each measurement point in the measurement target irradiated with the measurement light and a second calculation module that calculates optical characteristics of the measurement target by applying the corresponding modification factor to a value for each pixel included in the two-dimensional image.

Abstract: There is provided an optical measurement method using a detector having a detection sensitivity to at least a near-infrared region. The optical measurement method including: obtaining an output value by measuring a light sample at any exposure time with the detector; and correcting the output value with an amount of correction corresponding to the output value, when the exposure time at which the output value is obtained is within a second range. The amount of correction includes a product of a coefficient and a square of the exposure time, the coefficient indicating a degree to which an output value obtained when the light sample is measured with the detector at an exposure time within the second range deviates from output linearity obtained when the light sample is measured with the detector at an exposure time within a first range.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus excellent in workability in mounting a lid to an apparatus housing. The electronic apparatus comprises a housing having a pair of bearing portions, and a battery lid unit having a pair of shafts for being rotatably fitted in the bearing portions, respectively. A movable shaft of the shafts is axially retractable, and the battery lid unit is openable and closable with respect to the housing about the shafts. An urging spring has a contact portion for contact with the housing, and urges the battery lid unit in an opening direction with respect to the housing. The contact portion is moved according to retraction of the movable shaft such that an urging range through which the urging member urges the lid in the opening direction becomes smaller than a range of the pivotal motion of the lid with respect to the housing.

Abstract: A game apparatus includes a CPU, and the CPU executes a game process. When a player character encounters an enemy character in a game world, a battle screen is displayed on a monitor. On the battle screen, an input pattern is displayed, and background music (BGM) is output from a speaker. A player determines an operation timing based on the input pattern and the BGM (drum part). If there is a high level of coincidence between the operation timing by the player and a timing of the music pattern, damage which the player character applies to the enemy character and experienced obtained by the player character increases.

Abstract: Displayed on a first LCD 11 are a “fire” planet 40a, a “wood” planet 40b; an “earth” planet 40c, a “wind” planet 40d and a “water” planet 40e, each traveling along an orbit by a unique orbital period. While an attribute symbol is traveling through an active zone that is associated with the attribute symbol, the status of the attribute represented by the attribute symbol is active. An attribute being active affects the space attribute, which is the attribute of a particular space in the game world. The space attribute affects the ability parameters of characters of the same attribute. Thus, it is possible to enrich the strategic aspect of a video game using characters' attributes.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus excellent in workability in mounting a lid to an apparatus housing. The electronic apparatus comprises a housing having a pair of bearing portions, and a battery lid unit having a pair of shafts for being rotatably fitted in the bearing portions, respectively. A movable shaft of the shafts is axially retractable, and the battery lid unit is openable and closable with respect to the housing about the shafts. An urging spring has a contact portion for contact with the housing, and urges the battery lid unit in an opening direction with respect to the housing. The contact portion is moved according to retraction of the movable shaft such that an urging range through which the urging member urges the lid in the opening direction becomes smaller than a range of the pivotal motion of the lid with respect to the housing.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus which is capable of removing foreign substance, such as dust, attached to an optical member disposed in front of an image pickup element, even when accessories are exchanged in a power-off state of the image pickup apparatus. The type or state of an accessory mounted on the image pickup apparatus, which is detected immediately before a power-off of the image pickup apparatus are stored. When a type or state of a mounted accessory, which is detected immediately after the power-on, is different from the stored type or state of the accessory mounted on the image pickup apparatus, an operation for removing foreign substance attached to the optical member is carried out.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus which is capable of removing foreign substance, such as dust, attached to an optical member disposed in front of an image pickup element, even when accessories are exchanged in a power-off state of the image pickup apparatus. The type or state of an accessory mounted on the image pickup apparatus, which is detected immediately before a power-off of the image pickup apparatus are stored. When a type or state of a mounted accessory, which is detected immediately after the power-on, is different from the stored type or state of the accessory mounted on the image pickup apparatus, an operation for removing foreign substance attached to the optical member is carried out.

Abstract: Displayed on a first LCD 11 are a “fire” planet 40a, a “wood” planet 40b; an “earth” planet 40c, a “wind” planet 40d and a “water” planet 40e,each traveling along an orbit by a unique orbital period. While an attribute symbol is traveling through an active zone that is associated with the attribute symbol, the status of the attribute represented by the attribute symbol is active. An attribute being active affects the space attribute, which is the attribute of a particular space in the game world. The space attribute affects the ability parameters of characters of the same attribute. Thus, it is possible to enrich the strategic aspect of a video game using characters' attributes.

Abstract: A game apparatus includes a CPU, and the CPU executes a game process. When a player character encounters an enemy character in a game world, a battle screen is displayed on a monitor. On the battle screen, an instruction image according to an operation timing pattern recorded in correspondence to the enemy character is displayed, and a background music (BGM) according to the pattern is output from a speaker. A player weights an operation timing by the instruction image and a tune of the BGM (drum part). In a case of a degree of coincidence between the operation timing by the player and a timing of the pattern is high, a damage which the player character applies to the enemy character and an experienced value to be obtained by the player character increases.

Abstract: A camera is provided with a viewfinder optical member of a roof shape, a flexible printed circuit board disposed along roof surfaces of the viewfinder optical member, and a member arranged to push the flexible printed circuit board toward the roof surfaces in such a way as to prevent the flexible printed circuit board from coming into contact with a top part of the viewfinder optical member.

Abstract: A planetary-friction type speed change device includes: (a) a sun roller arranged to rotate about an axis in response to a motive rotation; (b) an outer ring substantially coaxial with the sun roller; (c) a plurality of planetary rolling elements disposed between the sun roller and the outer ring to contact each of an outer circumferential face of the sun roller and an inner circumferential face of the outer ring; (d) a casing member for housing therein the sun roller, the plurality of planetary rolling elements, and the outer ring such that the outer ring is movable relative to the casing member; and (e) an elastic member, disposed within the casing member, for supporting and axially pressing the outer ring such that the outer ring is movable in a radial direction relative to the casing member. The rotation of the sun roller causes the plurality of planetary rolling elements to revolve, thereby producing a rotation output at a reduced speed.