Abstract: The substrate heater includes a plate-shaped ceramics base having a heating surface on a side of the ceramic base for placing a substrate thereon. The substrate heater includes a resistance-heating element embedded in the ceramics base. The substrate heater includes a tubular member joined to a central portion on another side of the ceramics substrate. The heating surface has a convex shape having a central portion and a peripheral portion. The heating surface in a convex shape lowers in height as the heating surface extends from a central portion to a peripheral portion thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for cleaning a ceramic member for use in a system for producing semiconductors. The method has the step of cleaning the ceramic member with an organic acid or a weak acid. Preferably, the ceramic member is cleaned with a strong acid before the cleaning with an organic acid or a weak acid. The ceramic member may be subjected to a blasting treatment before the cleaning with an organic acid or a weak acid. According to the method, the amount of metal transferred from the ceramic member to a semiconductor may be considerably reduced.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object generating system comprises a user terminal, and a three-dimensional plotter system connected to the user terminal through a network, the three-dimensional plotter system comprising a three-dimensional plotter, a monitoring camera for imaging the operating conditions of the three-dimensional plotter, and a three-dimensional plotter controlling computer for controlling the three-dimensional plotter, and the user terminal comprising three-dimensional data generation means for generating three-dimensional data representing a three-dimensional object, plotter data generation means for generating data for a three-dimensional plotter from the three-dimensional data representing the three-dimensional object, monitoring means for receiving and displaying a video from the monitoring camera on the side of the three-dimensional plotter system through the network, to monitor the operating conditions of the three-dimensional plotter, and remote operation means for remotely operating the three-di

Abstract: There are provided a user information database storing for each user the current level of skill in work of the user and information related to the history of the work performed by the user, and means for judging, when the predetermined work performed by an arbitrary user is terminated, the level of skill of the user again to update the current level of skill of the user in the user information database on the basis of the complexity of the contents of the work, information related to the evaluation of the results of the work, the number of times of keyword retrieval performed by the user during the work, the current level of skill of the user, and information related to the history of the work performed in the past by the user.

Abstract: A plate having light and shade thereon, wherein a semi-transparent film (3) is formed on an opaque or light reflective bedding plate (2) having a variable thickness according to the shading of an image by flushing and solidifying semi-transparent liquid, the thick portion of the semi-transparent film (3) reflects less quantity of light since much reflected light from the bedding plate (2) is absorbed by the semi-transparent film (3), and the thin portion of the semi-transparent film (3) reflects much quantity of light since the reflected light from the bedding plate (2) is not much absorbed by the semi-transparent film (3), whereby the bright and dark or light and shadow of the expressed image can be expressed by utilizing the reflected light (FIG. 1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for cleaning a ceramic member for use in a system for producing semiconductors. The method has the step of cleaning the ceramic member with an organic acid or a weak acid. Preferably, the ceramic member is cleaned with a strong acid before the cleaning with an organic acid or a weak acid. The ceramic member may be subjected to a blasting treatment before the cleaning with an organic acid or a weak acid. According to the method, the amount of metal transferred from the ceramic member to a semiconductor may be considerably reduced.

Abstract: A motorcycle, such as a scooter, includes a frame structure and arrangement of component parts which allows the footboards of the motorcycle to be lowered, enlarged and lengthened. The overall frame of a motorcycle includes a front frame portion and a rear frame portion. The front frame portion is connected to an engine of the motorcycle and the rear frame portion is connected to a transmission casing of the motorcycle. In a first embodiment, the front and rear frames are not directly connected together. In a second embodiment, the front and rear frames are connected together. By using the engine and transmission casing as components of the overall motorcycle frame in both the first and second embodiments, more flexibility is gained in the design and layout of the motorcycle's body cover and footboards. Particularly, the footboards may be lowered, enlarged and lengthened so as to improve the riding comfort of the operator and passenger of the motorcycle.