Abstract: A counterelectrode for a smart window contains a transparent electrically conductive substrate and a plurality of electrically conductive dots arrayed on the transparent electrically conductive substrate. Each of the electrically conductive dots contains fine particles having capacitance of not less than 1 farad/g or fine particles capable of storing electrical charge of not less than 1 coulomb/g. A smart window contains the aforementioned counterelectrode.

Abstract: Protocatechualdehyde is prepared by the steps of reacting piperonyl dichloride with molecular chlorine in the presence of phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride or sulfuryl chloride to prepare dichloropiperonylidene dichloride and hydrolyzing the dichloropiperonylidene dichloride. The piperonyl dichloride can be prepared by the reaction of piperonal with thionyl chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide.

Abstract: An ultraviolet absorber contains as an effective component a compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 denote the same or different groups and denote an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 to R.sup.9 denote the same or different groups and denote an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group or a hydrogen atom, X denotes an amido bond (CONH), a urethane bond (OCONH) or an ester bond (COO), and n is an integer of n.gtoreq.0. A coating material contains the ultraviolet absorber.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a negative zinc electrode for an alkaline storage battery, comprising an electrode using zinc as an active material and a polymer layer which is substantially in direct contact with the electrode, the polymer layer containing at least a polymer having a crosslinked structure. There is also provided an alkaline storage battery using such negative zinc electrode and in which the occurrence of dendrites and shape change is suppressed.

Abstract: A negative zinc electrode for an alkaline storage battery capable of suppressing the occurrence of dendrite and shape change is provided. The negative zinc electrode comprises an electrode using zinc as an active material and a polymer layer formed substantially in direct contact with the electrode, the polymer layer comprising a polymer having an oxygen permeability constant of not less than 1.times.10.sup.-10 cm.sup.3 (STP) cm.sup.-1 s.sup.-1 cmHg.sup.-1.

Abstract: The invention provides a specific polymeric solid electrolyte (ionically conductive polymer) having excellent physical properties, and a process therefor. The polymeric solid electrolyte can be obtained by reacting an alkali metal salt and/or ammonium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, a polyfunctional acrylate compound and a particular polyether macromonomer in the presence of a radical polymerization initiation accelerator and a radical polymerization initiator.The polymeric solid electrolyte has high ionic conductivity so that it can be employed in useful lithium batteries, plastic batteries, large-capacity capacitors, electrochromic displays and it can also be used for the 100% solidification of other electronic devices.

Abstract: An organic thin film electroluminescent device is composed of an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer and a transparent electrode. The electron transport layer is constituted of an electron conducting polymer represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a thioether group, an amino group, a halogen atom, an aldehyde group, a cyano group, a nitro group or a hydroxyl group, x is an integer of 1 to 6, on the condition that, if x is an integer of 2 to 6, R.sup.2 may be the same or different, and n is an integer not less than 2.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for readily preparing polymeric solid electrolyte, i.e., ion conductive polymer having excellent properties.The process of the invention comprises steps of subjecting at least one of the following component A and component B to contain an alkali metal salt and/or an ammonium salt and mixing the components A and the component B.Component A: a solution obtained by dissolving a radical polymerization promotor in a specific polyether base macromonomer.Component B: a solution obtained by dissolving a radical polymerization initiator in a specific polyether base oligomer and/or an organic non-aqueous solvent.To at least one of the component A and component B, a radical polymerization retarder is added, if desired.The process of the invention can be carried out by a simple step comprised of mixing the two components at room temperature and provides the solid polyelectrolyte having a high inonic conductivity.

Abstract: A polymer composition which is superior in processability, exhibits an extremely superior electroconductive characteristic when doped using an electron acceptor, and which comprises.(A) a copolymer represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, furyl, pyridyl, nitrophenyl, chlorophenyl, or methoxyphenyl, n and x are each an integer not smaller than 2; and(B) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: polypyrrole compounds represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and p is an integer not smaller than 2; polythiophene compounds represented by the following general formula (III): ##STR3## wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.

Abstract: A hole transporting material is constituted by a compound represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, which may be the same or different, are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are each independently a divalent hydrocarbon residue; l is an integer of 0 or more; m is an integer of 1 or more; and n is an integer of 2 or more.

Abstract: A process for producing polyethylene is disclosed in which ethylene is polymerized in the presence of a composite catalyst. The catalyst is made up of a solid catalyst component typified by a selected chromium compound, a modified aluminum compound typified by a trialkylaluminum and an R.sub.n.sup.1 Al(OR.sup.2).sub.3-n compound wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are represented by selected hydrocarbon groups and n by 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.3. The polymer has improved melt index, flow parameter and melt tension characteristics.

Abstract: A macromer of the general formula (3) is prepared by a reaction between a silane compound of the general formula (1) and a polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether of the general formula (2). ##STR1##H--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 .sub.m OR.sub.3 (2) ##STR2## R.sub.1 : H, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; R.sub.2 : H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group, or --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.p OR.sub.4 ;R.sub.3 : C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl;R.sub.4 : C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl;l: integer of from 1 to 10 (1.ltoreq.l.ltoreq.10);m: integer of from 1 to 30 (1.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.30); andp: integer of from 1 to 30 (1.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.30).

Abstract: A novel N-alkenylcarbamate macromer is disclosed. The macromer can be prepared by reacting an alkenyl isocyanate with a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. When polymerized or copolymerized with other monomers, the macromer produces comb-shaped polymers useful as compatibilizing agents, matrices for polymeric solid electrolytes, etc.

Abstract: A process for preparing an ethylene polymer by a two-stage polymerization of ethylene or ethylene and an .alpha.-olefin in an inert hydrocarbon at 50.degree.-100.degree. C. using a coordination polymerization catalyst containing a solid component and an organoaluminum compound, said solid component containing a transition metal compound, which process comprises:(a) in a first stage, producing 10-90% by weight based on the total polymer quantity of a polymer having a melt index in the range of 0.0001 to 0.5 g/10 min as measured according to ASTM D 1238-73, Condition E, using as said solid component a solid product obtained by supporting chromium trioxide or a compound which on calcining forms chromium oxide at least partially, on an inorganic oxide carrier followed by calcining, and using as said organoaluminum compound a compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and n is 2.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.

Abstract: An electroactive polymer is obtained by doping a copolymer represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, furyl, pyridyl, nitrophenyl, chlorophenyl, or methoxyphenyl; l is an integer not smaller than 2; m is an integer not smaller than 1; and n is an integer not smaller than 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymeric solid electrolyte which comprises a network molecule formed by polymerizing a polyethylene glycol with acrylic or methacrylic groups at both ends, and containing therein (a) a specific acrylate-type copolymer, (b) a low molecular polyethylene glycol with both ends methyl-esterified, and (c) an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt. The polymeric solid electrolyte of the present invention has an ionic conductivity of 10.sup.-5 S/cm or higher at room temperature, is strong in film strength even with a thickness of 100 .mu.m or less, and is superb in adherence to electrodes.

Abstract: Polymeric solid electrolytes are formed by the present invention, namely, by incorporating a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol, a high molecular weight polyethylene oxide and an alkali metal or ammonium salt in a specific cinnamate ester compound, followed by a polymerization and crosslinking. The polymeric solid electrolytes have high ionic conductivity, high strength as a film, and good adhesion with electrodes. Therefore, they can be applied widely as ionics materials, e.g., for the total solidification of lithium batteries and plastic batteries and high capacity condensers and as electrolytes for electrochromic displays.

Abstract: Imidazole derivatives which were provided as the new compound according to this invention and are represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R.sub.2 denotes a lower alkyl group, R.sub.3 denotes an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group or a higher alkyl group, R.sub.4 denotes a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and X denotes an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, exhibit excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities against various kinds of microorganisms pathogenic to plants. The new imidazole derivatives according to this invention are useful especially as an agent for disinfecting the seeds.

Abstract: Disclosed is polyethylene composition having excellent environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) and giving molded articles with good surface properties.This composition comprises a blend of two specific types of polyethylene selected with due consideration for their molecular weight distribution in addition to their molecular weights, so that it has excellent melt tension, ESCR and moldability. Accordingly, it can suitably be used in blow molding and extrusion molding to produce molded articles with no shark skin, as well as vessels of very large size.This composition is formed by blending (A) polyethylene obtained according to a two-step polymerization process using a Ziegler catalyst containing magnesium and titanium, and (B) high-molecular-weight polyethylene obtained with the aid of a chromium-containing catalyst, in a specified proportion.

Abstract: Provided is an olefin-polymerization catalyst comprising the combination of the following components [I] and [II]:[I] a solid component obtained by intercontacting and reacting the following components (1) through (4):(1) a compound obtained by treating an oxide of an element of Groups II-IV in the Periodic Table with a compound represented by the general formula R.sup.1.sub.m Si(OR.sup.2).sub.n.sup.X.sub.4-m-n wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon radical containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, or hydrogen, X is a halogen atom, m is 0.ltoreq.m<4 and n is 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.4, provided 0.ltoreq.m+n.ltoreq.4,(2) a reaction product obtained by the reaction of a magnesium halide and a compound represented by the general formula Me(OR.sup.3).sub.n.sup.X.sub.z-n wherein Me is an element of Groups I-VIII in the Periodic Table, with the limitation that silicon, titanium and vanadium are excluded, R.sup.