Abstract: A transfer belt, to be used in a state of being in contact with a cleaning member and an image carrier, and to which a developer image is to be transferred from the image carrier, includes a surface layer and a base layer. The surface layer is in contact with the image carrier and the cleaning member. The base layer disposed at a position more apart from the image carrier and the cleaning member than the surface layer. The surface layer is provided with grooves formed by transferring a predetermined mold shape and extending in a first direction along a moving direction of the transfer belt in an operating state. The arithmetic average roughness of the surface layer in a predetermined region is less than or equal to 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an endless belt including a base layer and an electroconductive layer positioned on an inner peripheral surface side of base layer and forming an inner peripheral surface of the belt, and a roller provided on the inner peripheral surface side of the belt and including a roller portion around which the belt is wound and which is formed of a metal material. The electroconductive layer contains a binder resin, an electroconductive agent, and a copper compound, and has surface resistivity of 5.0×106?/? or less. The roller portion includes a base material of a first metal material comprising a first metal, and a coating layer which forms a surface contacting the electroconductive layer formed of a second metal material comprising a second metal. A difference in standard potential between the second metal and copper is smaller than that between the first metal and copper.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an endless belt including a base layer and an electroconductive layer positioned on an inner peripheral surface side of the belt than the base layer and forming an inner peripheral surface of the belt, and a roller provided on the inner peripheral surface side of the belt and including a roller portion around which the belt is wound and which is formed of an aluminum material. The electroconductive layer contains a binder resin, an electroconductive agent, and a copper compound, and has surface resistivity of 5.0×106?/? or less. The roller includes an alumite layer forming a surface contacting the electroconductive layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an endless belt including a base layer and an electroconductive layer positioned on an inner peripheral surface side of the belt than the base layer and forming an inner peripheral surface of the belt, and a roller provided on the inner peripheral surface side of the belt and including a roller portion around which the belt is wound and which is formed of an aluminum material. The electroconductive layer contains a binder resin, an electroconductive agent, and a copper compound, and has surface resistivity of 5.0×106?Q/? or less. The roller includes an alumite layer forming a surface contacting the electroconductive layer.

Abstract: A transfer belt, to be used in a state of being in contact with a cleaning member and an image carrier, and to which a developer image is to be transferred from the image carrier, includes a surface layer and a base layer. The surface layer is in contact with the image carrier and the cleaning member. The base layer disposed at a position more apart from the image carrier and the cleaning member than the surface layer. The surface layer is provided with grooves formed by transferring a predetermined mold shape and extending in a first direction along a moving direction of the transfer belt in an operating state. The arithmetic average roughness of the surface layer in a predetermined region is less than or equal to 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an endless belt including a base layer and an electroconductive layer positioned on an inner peripheral surface side of the belt than the base layer and forming an inner peripheral surface of the belt, and a roller provided on the inner peripheral surface side of the belt and including a roller portion around which the belt is wound and which is formed of an aluminum material. The electroconductive layer contains a binder resin, an electroconductive agent, and a copper compound, and has surface resistivity of 5.0×106?Q/? or less. The roller includes an alumite layer forming a surface contacting the electroconductive layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member that includes a surface with excellent abrasion resistance and allows toner to have an increased charge amount, thereby eliciting uniform and high transfer efficiency. This electrophotographic member is provided with a surface layer including at least one of an acrylic resin and methacrylic resin, the surface layer further including a positively chargeable charge control agent, wherein a surface of the surface layer is free from a convex portion having a height of more than 15 ?m resulting from the charge control agent.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic belt that can suppress the occurrence of a cleaning failure even when used for a long time period. The electrophotographic belt includes a surface layer containing a first acrylic resin, wherein resin particles are present on an outer surface thereof, wherein the resin particles each contain a second acrylic resin and a fluorine resin, and wherein the second acrylic resin and the fluorine resin are exposed to an outer surface of each of the resin particles.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic belt that can suppress the occurrence of a cleaning failure even when used for a long time period. The electrophotographic belt includes a surface layer containing a first acrylic resin, wherein resin particles are present on an outer surface thereof, wherein the resin particles each contain a second acrylic resin and a fluorine resin, and wherein the second acrylic resin and the fluorine resin are exposed to an outer surface of each of the resin particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic belt including an electro-conductive layer having high adhesion to a base layer while maintaining high electro-conductivity. The electrophotographic belt has an endless shape, and includes an endless shaped base layer containing a polyester resin, and an electro-conductive layer covering an inner surface of the base layer, the electro-conductive layer containing an electro-conductive particle and a binder resin, and the binder resin containing a polyester resin having at least two monomer units of phthalic acids selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, orthophthalic acid and isophthalic acid.

Abstract: An electrophotographic belt including an electro-conductive layer having high adhesion to a base layer while maintaining high electro-conductivity. The electrophotographic belt has an endless shape, and includes an endless shaped base layer containing a polyester resin, and an electro-conductive layer covering an inner surface of the base layer, the electro-conductive layer containing an electro-conductive particle and a binder resin, and the binder resin containing a polyester resin having at least two monomer units of phthalic acids selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, orthophthalic acid and isophthalic acid.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic belt sustainably excellent in toner removal performance. The electrophotographic belt has an endless shape and has grooves on an outer surface thereof, each of the grooves extending in a circumferential direction and being in non-parallel with the circumferential direction, and the outer surface is composed only of a first region in which the number of the grooves in a direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction is “n” and a second region in which the number of the grooves in the direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction is larger than the “n”, the first region and the second region being arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and the “n” being an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt includes, on a surface in contact with a photosensitive drum and a cleaning blade, a plurality of grooves formed along a moving direction of the intermediate transfer belt in a width direction which intersects the moving direction of the intermediate transfer belt. Further, the intermediate transfer belt includes a plurality of first regions in which adjacent grooves in the width direction are arranged at a predetermined interval, and a second region which is positioned between the plurality of first regions and in which an interval between adjacent grooves in the width direction is different from the predetermined interval. The second region is arranged outside, in the width direction of the intermediate transfer belt, a range in which a patch toner is to be formed in concentration correction.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt includes, on a surface in contact with a photosensitive drum and a cleaning blade, a plurality of grooves formed along a moving direction of the intermediate transfer belt in a width direction which intersects the moving direction of the intermediate transfer belt. Further, the intermediate transfer belt includes a plurality of first regions in which adjacent grooves in the width direction are arranged at a predetermined interval, and a second region which is positioned between the plurality of first regions and in which an interval between adjacent grooves in the width direction is different from the predetermined interval. The second region is arranged outside, in the width direction of the intermediate transfer belt, a range in which a patch toner is to be formed in concentration correction.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic belt sustainably excellent in toner removal performance. The electrophotographic belt has an endless shape and has grooves on an outer surface thereof, each of the grooves extending in a circumferential direction and being in non-parallel with the circumferential direction, and the outer surface is composed only of a first region in which the number of the grooves in a direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction is “n” and a second region in which the number of the grooves in the direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction is larger than the “n”, the first region and the second region being arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and the “n” being an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a coating agent having a polymerizable compound containing a hydroxyl group in the molecule, conductive inorganic particles whose surface is treated with a dispersing agent having a nitrogen atom in the molecule, and a solvent, in which when the interatomic distance between an oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group and the atom farthest away from the oxygen atom in the molecule of the polymerizable compound is represented by D1 and the interatomic distance between the nitrogen atom and the atom farthest away from the nitrogen atom in the molecule of the dispersing agent is represented by D2, D1 and D2 satisfy the relationship represented by the following formula (1). [(|D1?D2|)/D2]?0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member capable of maintaining stable quality regardless of environment in forming a surface layer is provided. The electrophotographic member includes a base layer and a surface layer. The surface layer includes a heteroaggregate of inorganic oxide particles, electro-conductive metal oxide particles different from the inorganic oxide particles, and an ionic liquid.

Abstract: Provided is a belt for electrophotography which is capable of suppressing the occurrence of adhesion to other members and blocking and which is less liable to cause image defects due to a singular protrusion. The belt for electrophotography comprises a surface layer which comprises heteroaggregate including an inorganic oxide particle having an average primary particle diameter of from 10 to 30 nm and an electroconductive metal oxide particle having an average primary particle diameter of from 5 to 40 nm, and a ten-point average roughness Rzjis of a surface of the surface layer satisfies a relationship: 0.3 ?m?Rzjis?0.7 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic belt capable of preventing a bleed-out of a dispersant or an ion-conductive agent, wherein the electrophotographic belt includes a base layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a matrix containing resin, conductive particles dispersed in the matrix, and a dispersant, and the matrix further contains a silicon oxide in a non-phase-separated state together with the resin, and wherein the silicon oxide is one derived from polysilazane.

Abstract: Provided is a coating agent having a polymerizable compound containing a hydroxyl group in the molecule, conductive inorganic particles whose surface is treated with a dispersing agent having a nitrogen atom in the molecule, and a solvent, in which when the interatomic distance between an oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group and the atom farthest away from the oxygen atom in the molecule of the polymerizable compound is represented by D1 and the interatomic distance between the nitrogen atom and the atom farthest away from the nitrogen atom in the molecule of the dispersing agent is represented by D2, D1 and D2 satisfy the relationship represented by the following formula (1). [(|D1?D2|)/D2]?0.