Abstract: An image display device according to first to third aspects of the invention has an image display panel, in which two or more groups of particles having different colors and different charge characteristics are sealed between two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles, to which an electrostatic field produced by a pair of electrodes provided on respective substrates is applied, are made to fly and move so as to display an image. In the first aspect of the invention, micro-concave portions and/or micro-convex portions are provided to a part of or an overall of a surface of the electrode (first embodiment) or micro-cutout holes are provided to a part of or an overall of a surface of the electrode (second embodiment).

Abstract: In particles for image displaying used in an image display device, in which one or more kind of particles are sealed between opposed substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, and, in which the particles are made to fly and move so as to display an image, each particle has a micro-irregularity at its surface. Moreover, in an image display device, in which one or more kind of particles are sealed between opposed substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, and, in which the particles, to which an electrostatic field produced by two kinds of electrodes having different potentials is applied, are made to fly and move so as to display an image, use is made of each particle having a micro-irregularity at its surface.

Abstract: An image display device constructed by: an image display means for displaying an image by moving chargeable particles arranged between electrodes by means of a voltage applied to the electrodes; and a light emission means for emitting a light to an image display surface of the image display means (first aspect of the invention).

Abstract: In a first aspect of the invention, an image display device, in which one or more groups of particles or liquid powders are sealed between opposed two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles or the liquid powders, to which an electrostatic field produced by two groups of electrodes having different potentials is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, has a construction such that a member for transmitting a signal, which is applied to circuits for an image display, is provided to the substrate by means of an anisotropic conductive film and members such as the electrode are provided to a substrate opposed to a transparent substrate.

Abstract: In the image display device according to the first aspect of the invention, a liquid powder composed of a solid material stably floating as a dispersant in a gas and exhibiting a high fluidity in an aerosol state is sealed between opposed substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, and the liquid powder is moved. Moreover, in the image display device according to the second aspect of the invention, a porous spacer is arranged between opposed substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, a liquid powder composed of a solid material stably floating as a dispersant in gas and exhibiting a high fluidity in an aerosol state is sealed, and the liquid powder is moved.

Abstract: In an image display device which has an image display panel, in which two or more groups of particles or liquid powders having different colors and different charge characteristics are sealed between opposed two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles or the liquid powders, to which an electrostatic field produced by a pair of electrodes provided on one substrate or both substrates respectively is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, a chip for transmitting a drive signal to the image display panel is arranged in the substrate (first aspect of the invention), or, the two substrates are constructed by a transparent substrate and the pair of electrodes are constructed by a transparent electrode (second aspect of the invention).

Abstract: An image display device has an image display panel, in which two or more groups of particles having different colors and different charge characteristics are sealed between two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles, to which an electrostatic field produced by a pair of electrodes provided on respective substrates is applied, are made to fly and move so as to display an image. (1) The image display panel has matrix electrodes composed of pairs of electrodes arranged in a matrix manner, a display drive is performed by applying a high potential VH or a low potential VL to respective electrodes constituting the matrix electrodes, and respective electrodes are connected to an intermediate potential V0 between the potentials VH and VL through a small impedance when the potential VH or VL is not applied to respective electrodes.

Abstract: A reversible image display panel which comprises a pair of substrates one of which is transparent and a group of particles charged with single polarity, a group of particles with single color charged with single polarity, a group of particles having portions with different colors and different charge characteristics, or two groups of particles with different charge characteristics each enclosed between the substrates, characterized in applying an electric field across the substrates, and displaying images by flying and moving the particles. The reversible image display panel and the image display device in accordance with the invention have fast response speed and simple structure, being superior in stability and vividity. In an occasion of driving, generation of the strong electric field is unnecessary for them and accordingly, electric circuits can be assembled employing general purpose electronic materials.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide particles for displaying images used in an image display device capable of displaying and eliminating repeatedly accompanied by flight and movement of particles utilizing Coulomb force, being superior in stability, particularly in repetition durability, memory characteristic stability, adaptability for temperature change, having capability of regulating charge amount, and accordingly, favorable images with sufficient contrast should be stably obtained. The present invention provides particles coated with a resin; specifying Span of particle diameter distribution, charge attenuation property, thermal change of the surface hardness, tensile break strength, Izod impact strength (with a notch), abrasion loss (Taber), tensile elastic modulus, flexural elastic modulus, or tear strength. The present invention also proposes about the structure of the particles.

Abstract: There are disclosed a toner carrier (I) having at least 0.70 of Z value, which is obtained from the formula (1) and deformation restoration behavior of the surface of the toner carrier at the time of measuring the universal hardness of the surface thereof: Z=We/(We+Wr)  (1) wherein We is elastic energy and Wr is plastic energy; a toner carrier (II) having at most 10.0 &mgr;m of 60 sec. creep value obtained from deformation restoration behavior of the surface of the toner carrier under measuring condition at a definite load of 100 mN /mm2; and a toner carrier (III) having at most 3 N /mm2 of universal hardness at a depth of at most 5 &mgr;m from the surface of the toner carrier under measuring condition at a definite load applying rate of 100/60(mN/mm2/sec.). Each of the toner carriers can afford steadily favorable images.

Abstract: There are disclosed a toner carrier (1) having at least 0.

Abstract: In order to develop sufficient vibration damping performance and effectively prevent transmission of goading vibrations and others in a vibration damping device using an electrorheological fluid, if the moving directions of vibration input side member and vibration output side member of the device are opposite to each other, a voltage applied to electrodes in the device is increased to increase the viscosity of the electrorheological fluid, while if absolute value of vibration acceleration velocity in the vibration input side member exceeds a given value, a voltage applied to the electrodes is always decreased to decrease the viscosity of the fluid.

Abstract: A height sensor for determining the height from a surface to be measured on the basis of an optical path length from a light-emitting element to the surface to be measured includes: a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element disposed at positions spaced apart from the surface to be measured; a mirror for reflecting at least one of a beam of light emitted from the first light-emitting element and a beam of light emitted from the second light-emitting element; and a light-receiving element for receiving the beams emitted by the first and second light-emitting elements and reflected by the surface to be measured and for outputting a signal corresponding to a quantity of light received. The mirror is arranged to cause respective optical paths of the beams emitted from the first and second light-emitting elements to be brought into close proximity to each other.

Abstract: A height sensor comprises a pair of light-emitting elements disposed at positions spaced at different distances from a surface desired to be measured, the elements alternately emitting light rays, and a light-receiving element for receiving a light ray generated from each light-emitting element and reflected by the measured surface, the element producing a signal corresponding to the quantity of light received. The signal outputted from the light-receiving element is logarithmically converted by a logarithmic converter circuit. The output thereof thus has its direct current components removed by a filter.