Abstract: A photoreceptor including a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, optionally an undercoat layer between the support and the photosensitive layer, wherein when a group of data consisting of N samples of the height x(t)(&mgr;m) of a profile at the interface of the support on the side of the photosensitive layer, the interface of the photosensitive layer on the side of the support, and/or the interface of the undercoat layer on the side of the photosensitive layer, measured perpendicular to a horizontal direction of the support, taken at &Dgr;t (&mgr;m) intervals in the horizontal direction, is subjected to Fourier transformation in accordance with a formula as specified in the specification, in a power spectrum obtained by the Fourier transformation, I(S) represented by a formula specified in the specification has a particular value, a method of evaluating the above photoreceptor, a method of producing the photoreceptor, and an image formation apparatus in which the photoreceptor is incorporated ar

Abstract: A mica tape formed by a paper-making process from a mixture of the mica particles and at least one selected from the group consisting of a short fiber made of a nitrogen-free organic material and a short fiber made of an inorganic material, and an insulated coil by winding the mica tape around a conductive coil and impregnating the mica tape with a solventless thermo-setting resin. The short fiber has an average diameter of 0.1 to 20 .mu.m and an average length of 0.5 to 10 mm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high voltage electric appliance comprising electric coils whose conductors are wrapped by an insulating tape with subsequent impregnation of thermosetting resin for the electrical insulation. The insulating tape is a laminated body consisting of a built-up mica of fine mica particles and synthetic pulp or a paraffin powder and a reinforcing member. The bonding among the fine mica particles and between the fine mica particles and the reinforcing material is effected by the synthetic pulp as melted and solidified.

Abstract: A zoom lens system which includes a first lens group, a second lens group, and a third lens group, sequentially arranged from an object side of the zoom lens system to an image side thereof, and an aperture stop which is arranged between the first lens group and the second lens group. The first lens group and the second lens group have a positive focal length. The third lens group has a negative focal length. The second lens group is used for focusing. When the zoom lens system performs a zooming operation, the first lens group, the second lens group, the third lens group, and the aperture stop are moved along an optical axis toward the object side of the zoom lens system, such that a distance between the first lens group and the aperture stop, and a distance between the aperture stop and the second lens group increase, while a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group decreases.

Abstract: A lens for reading an original has first to third lens groups sequentially arranged from an object side toward an image side. The first lens group is constructed by a first lens as a positive meniscus lens having a convex face on the object side. The second lens group is constructed by a second lens as a biconcave lens. The third lens group is constructed by a third lens as a biconvex lens. The first lens is constructed by a refractive index distribution type lens having a refractive index changed in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the original reading lens. Each of the second and third lenses is constructed by a refractive index distribution type lens having a refractive index changed in a direction of the optical axis. Otherwise, at least one of the first, second and third lenses may be constructed by a refractive index distribution type lens.

Abstract: A zoom finder has first to third lens groups sequentially arranged from an object side to an eye pupil side and performs a zooming operation by fixing the first and third lens groups and moving the second lens group. The first lens group is constructed by a positive single lens. The second lens group is constructed by a negative single lens. The third lens group has a positive combinational focal length and is constructed by a negative single lens arranged on the object side and a positive single lens arranged on the eye pupil side. A frame system of the zoom finder is formed by an eye pupil side lens face of the negative single lens of the third lens group and the positive single lens of the third lens group. Radii R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 of curvature of lens faces of the first lens group on the object and eye pupil sides satisfy the following condition.0.8<R.sub.1 /.vertline.R.sub.2 .vertline.<1.2 (I)At least one lens face of the first lens group is constructed by an aspherical surface.

Abstract: A zoom finder of a real image type has an objective lens having positive refracting power and an eyepiece having positive refracting power. The objective lens is constructed by first, second, third and fourth lens groups sequentially arranged from an object side. The first lens group has positive refracting power. The second lens group has negative refracting power. The third lens group has positive refracting power. The fourth lens group has positive refracting power. The zoom finder is constructed such that a real image is focused and formed by the objective lens between the fourth lens group and the eyepiece and is observed through the eyepiece. A magnification of the zoom finder is increased by moving the second lens group from the object side to an eyepiece side. A change in diopter caused by this increase in magnification is corrected by moving the fourth lens group. In accordance with the above structure, an entire length of the zoom finder is short and is not changed in a zooming operation.

Abstract: There are disclosed a benzo[b]furancarboxamide derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.c and R.sup.d are a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, respectively; R.sup.e is a hydrogen atom, amino radical, lower alkylamino group or acylamino group; X is a hydrogen atom or halogen atom; and n is an integer of 1-5,and including racemic compounds and stereo-isomers thereof, a salt of the compounds, a process for the preparation of the compounds and salts as well as use thereof for improving hypermotility.

Abstract: A varifocal lens system is constructed by two or more lens groups and has a function for changing a focal length of the lens system by changing a distance between the lens groups while the position of an image face is constantly held. An auxiliary lens constructed by two lens groups having negative and positive refracting powers is inserted into an increased clearance between lens groups in a shortest focal length state such that a lens group having the negative refracting power is located on an object side. The focal length of the lens system is transited to the side of a focal length shorter than the shortest focal length without changing the position of the image face by the insertion of the auxiliary lens. The auxiliary lens can be constructed by a single lens group having negative refracting power. In accordance with the above structure, focal lengths of the varifocal lens system can be transited to each other without increasing an entire length of the varifocal lens system.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel glycoside which contains as the aglycon a 4-(substituted phenyl)piperazine-1-yl derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid and 11-deoxo-glycyrrhetinic acid or their derivative as well as a composition for the treatment of virus infection, which contains these compounds as a main active component.

Abstract: V-type engine has intake and exhaust valves for each cylinder, the intake valve being inclined at an angle relative to a center line of each cylinder bore larger than an angle relative to the center line at which the exhaust valve is inclined, and having a length between an intake valve face and an intake cam longer than a length between an exhaust valve face and an exhaust cam of the exhaust valve.

Abstract: The supercharged internal combustion engine is so adapted as to set the air-fuel ratio to become a lean air-fuel ratio which is leaner than stoichiometric and lean enough to maximize improvements in a rate of consumption of fuel, for example, to the A/F ratio of 16, when the supercharger exists in such a supercharging region as demonstrating its sufficient degree of supercharging capability. When the air-fuel ratio is made lean in the supercharging region, exhaust gases are recirculated into the intake system of the engine, in addition to a mixed fuel. Preferably, the exhaust gases having lower temperatures are recirculated at the time of a high load of the engine in the supercharging region, while the exhaust gases having higher temperatures are recirculated at the time of a low load of the engine therein.

Abstract: A cam shaft support device for an engine includes a cam carrier. A plurality of bearings are integrally formed with the cam carrier so as to rotatively support two cam shafts installed on a cylinder head. Each of the bearings are provided with a slit on a lower portion thereof so as to reduce the sliding resistance between the bearings and the cam shafts.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving devices which are operated by, or "supplementary" to, a V-type internal combustion engine, having a crankshaft and overhead camshafts, includes a camshaft drive mechanism for rotatably connecting the camshafts to the crankshaft so that the camshafts are "timely" driven. A supplementary device drive mechanism rotatably connects supplementary devices independently of the overhead camshafts to the crankshaft. The crankshaft is provided with a transmission gear train for transmitting rotation of the camshafts to the camshaft drive mechanism and the supplementary device drive mechanism.

Abstract: The support structure for cam shafts including an intake cam shaft and an exhaust cam shaft, a pair of intake cams per a cylinder formed side by side on the intake cam shaft, a pair of exhaust cams per a cylinder formed side by side on the exhaust cam shaft and having longer interval therebetween than that of the intake cams, a cam cap forming an upper portion of the support structure for the cam shafts and an upper wall portion of a plug hole for inserting the ignition plug, a cam carrier forming a lower portion of the support structure for the cam shafts and a lower wall portion of the plug hole, and fasteners for fastening the cam cap to an engine block. The fasteners are disposed both at longitudinally opposite sides of the pair of intake cams and between the pair of the exhaust cams.

Abstract: An engine with a row of cylinders is provided with two intake ports and intake valves and two exhaust ports and exhaust valves for each cylinder. The intake ports are arranged on one side of a center line of the row of cylinders, adjacent to each other, and side by side in a direction parallel to the cylinder row. The exhaust ports are arranged on another side of the center line, adjacent to each other, and side by side in the direction parallel to the cylinder row so that their centers are located at a distance apart which is larger than a distance at which centers of the intake ports are separated. The cylinder is formed with a "squish" surface between the exhaust ports which provides a squish area between the cylinder head and piston. This produces a squish or compressed flow of the air-fuel mixture to the exhaust ports in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system of an engine equipped with a supercharger has an exhaust gas circulation passage for circulating exhaust gas into an intake system from an exhaust system, and a return passage for returning exhaust gas introduced into the exhaust gas circulation passage to the exhaust system. The exhaust gas circulation passage is made available to the exhaust gas when the engine operates within a specified area of engine operating conditions in which supercharging is to be effected. The return passage is made available to the exhaust gas when the engine operates within an area, other than the specified area, of engine operating conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust gas recirculation system for an engine having a high compression ratio or with a supercharger. An outside EGR duct connecting the exhaust system to the intake system is provided with a first control valve, which has a second outside EGR duct bypassing the first control valve. The second EGR duct has a second EGR control valve and a cooler. When the engine exists in an extremely low load state, the first and second control valves are closed to inhibit the outside EGR. In the light load state, the first control valve is opened while the second control valve is closed, thereby allowing recirculation of the EGR gases having high temperature and reducing the pumping loss.

Abstract: A finder optical system of a camera comprises a main finder and an auxiliary finder. The main finder is constructed by a real image type finder having a main finder objective lens, an ocular lens system, and an optical system disposed between the main finder objective lens and the ocular lens system for forming an erect real image. An optical axis of the main finder objective lens is perpendicular to a vertical symmetry axis of an image pickup lens of the camera and is parallel to an optical axis of the image pickup lens. The auxiliary finder is constructed by a real image finder having an auxiliary finder objective lens and another optical system disposed between the auxiliary finder objective lens and the ocular lens system for forming an erect real image. An optical axis of the auxiliary finder objective lens is perpendicular to a lateral symmetry axis of the image pickup lens and is parallel to the optical axis of the image pickup lens.

Abstract: A valve driving mechanism for a double overhead camshaft engine includes a camshaft drive mechanism, including a camshaft sprocket for transmitting engine output from a crankshaft of the engine to one of intake and exhaust camshafts. A valve timing varying mechanism is driven so as to vary a valve timing of, for example, a set of intake valves relative to a valve timing of a set of exhaust valves. The valve timing varying mechanism includes a first helical gear, mounted on the exhaust camshaft for rotation, a second helical gear, in mesh with the first helical gear, which is rigidly secured to the intake camshaft, and a cylindrical sliding element, mounted on the exhaust camshaft for axial displacement. The cylindrical sliding element operationally couples the exhaust camshaft to the camshaft drive mechanism so as to cause a relative rotational displacement therebetween when the cylindrical sliding element undergoes axial displacement with respect to the exhaust camshaft.