Abstract: There is provided a method of starting a spark ignition engine having multiple cylinders. The method comprises supplying air and fuel for restart into a first cylinder before the engine completely stops, and igniting the mixture of the air and the fuel in the first cylinder in response to an engine start request. In accordance with the method, by supplying air and fuel into the first cylinder before the engine completely stops, the mixture of air and fuel in the first cylinder may be homogeneous at the time of the engine start request. Also, there may be less mixture turbulence and combustion may propagate better within the cylinder. These conditions may reduce the rate of combustion in the first cylinder after a start request is initiated. The slower combustion rate may decrease temperature of the combusted gas while the cylinder wall temperature is relatively low because the engine has stopped.

Abstract: The semiconductor device includes a reference voltage generator circuit and a circuit different from the reference voltage generator circuit. A semiconductor element of the reference voltage generator circuit has a channel region where a substrate impurity concentration is substantially uniform at least in the vicinity of a drain region. A semiconductor element of the circuit different from the reference voltage generator circuit has a channel region where a substrate impurity concentration is higher than in other part of the region at least in the drain region.

Abstract: A bandwidth allocation method used in a point-to-multipoint communication system, for efficiently using the bandwidth while shortening delay time. A central unit quantizes round-trip propagation delay times of subsidiary units, groups the subsidiary units, assigns the same quantized round-trip delay time to the same group, and allocates allocation request signal bandwidths to the subsidiary units of the same group when receiving allocation requests within a predetermined period. Based on the quantized round-trip delay time, the bandwidths are located as close as possible while the bandwidths do not temporally overlap with each other and as temporally ahead as possible. Data signal bandwidths are also allocated to the subsidiary units of the same group, based on the quantized round-trip delay time and requested amounts of data, in a manner such that the bandwidths are located as temporally ahead as possible but temporally behind in comparison with the allocation request signal bandwidths.

Abstract: There is provided a method of starting a spark ignition engine having multiple cylinders. The method comprises supplying air and fuel for restart into a first cylinder before the engine completely stops, and igniting the mixture of the air and the fuel in the first cylinder in response to an engine start request. In accordance with the method, by supplying air and fuel into the first cylinder before the engine completely stops, the mixture of air and fuel in the first cylinder may be homogeneous at the time of the engine start request. Also, there may be less mixture turbulence and combustion may propagate better within the cylinder. These conditions may reduce the rate of combustion in the first cylinder after a start request is initiated. The slower combustion rate may decrease temperature of the combusted gas while the cylinder wall temperature is relatively low because the engine has stopped.

Abstract: The semiconductor device includes a reference voltage generator circuit and a circuit different from the reference voltage generator circuit. A semiconductor element of the reference voltage generator circuit has a channel region where a substrate impurity concentration is substantially uniform at least in the vicinity of a drain region. A semiconductor element of the circuit different from the reference voltage generator circuit has a channel region where a substrate impurity concentration is higher than in other part of the region at least in the drain region.

Abstract: A bandwidth allocation method used in a point-to-multipoint communication system, for efficiently using the bandwidth while shortening delay time. A central unit quantizes round-trip propagation delay times of subsidiary units, groups the subsidiary units, assigns the same quantized round-trip delay time to the same group, and allocates allocation request signal bandwidths to the subsidiary units of the same group when receiving allocation requests within a predetermined period. Based on the quantized round-trip delay time, the bandwidths are located as close as possible while the bandwidths do not temporally overlap with each other and as temporally ahead as possible. Data signal bandwidths are also allocated to the subsidiary units of the same group, based on the quantized round-trip delay time and requested amounts of data, in a manner such that the bandwidths are located as temporally ahead as possible but temporally behind in comparison with the allocation request signal bandwidths.

Abstract: When a top surface area for a plurality of dummy patterns 13 and a width for a plurality of trenches 12 are set on the basis of a ratio (an occupation density of the film for polishing in an adjacent region 10) of a total top surface area for raised sections of the film for polishing to a horizontally projected area of the adjacent region 10, it is possible to suppress dishing and erosion and thereby attain a high planarity when a film for polishing is formed on a semiconductor substrate, wherein dummy patterns 13 partitioned by a plurality of trenches 12 are disposed in an element isolation region 11, and planarization by the CMP is applied thereto.

Abstract: When a top surface area for a plurality of dummy patterns 13 and a width for a plurality of trenches 12 are set on the basis of a ratio (an occupation density of the film for polishing in an adjacent region 10) of a total top surface area for raised sections of the film for polishing to a horizontally projected area of the adjacent region 10, it is possible to suppress dishing and erosion and thereby attain a high planarity when a film for polishing is formed on a semiconductor substrate, wherein dummy patterns 13 partitioned by a plurality of trenches 12 are disposed in an element isolation region 11, and planarization by the CMP is applied thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor diffusion region structure of a first conductivity type in an upper region of a semiconductor substrate of a second conductivity type, wherein the semiconductor diffusion region structure comprises: a main portion, at least a part of which is electrically connected to an electrically conductive film structure; and an extending portion which underlies a gate insulating film underlying a gate electrode layer which is also electrically connected to the electrically conductive film structure, so that an adjacent potion of the semiconductor substrate to an edge of the extending portion of the semiconductor diffusion region structure is distanced from the electrically conductive film structure whereby the semiconductor diffusion region structure is electrically isolated from the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection ignition engine includes combustion chambers with a pent roof type ceiling. Each piston has a top surface with a configuration complementary to the combustion chamber ceiling. A fuel injector is disposed at a peripheral portion of the combustion chamber and injects fuel toward the center portion of the top surface of the piston. A cavity is formed on the top surface of the piston. The cavity has a configuration of an elongated circle with a substantially flat bottom surface. The surrounding side wall of the cavity is substantially upright in relation to the bottom surface. A cavity centerline drawn through the longitudinal axis of the cavity is perpendicular to the injection axis line and offset from the center of the piston toward the injector.

Abstract: A direct injection engine including an injector disposed in an upper portion of a combustion chamber defined above a piston disposed in a cylinder of the engine with a fuel injecting direction of the injector being provided so that a fuel being injected toward a top portion of the piston, an ignition plug disposed at an upper portion of the combustion chamber, an engine operating condition detector for detecting an engine operating condition. The fuel is injected in a compression stroke from the injector when it is detected by the engine operating condition detector that the engine is in a low engine load and speed zone so as to stratify an injected air fuel mixture around the ignition plug to accomplish a stratified combustion.

Abstract: A direct injection engine including, an ignition plug projected into a combustion chamber, an injector for injecting a fuel directly into the combustion chamber, a catalyst provided in an exhaust gas passage for cleaning an exhaust gas, a temperature senisor for detecting a coolant temperature condition of the catalyst, a control unit, for receiving signals from the sensor to determine that the catalyst is lower than an activation temperature when the engine coolant temperature is lower than a predetermined value, for calculating a fuel injection timing and fuel injection amount from the injector to form a fuel rich combustion gas mixture around the ignition plug equivalent to or richer than a combustion as mixture having a theoretical air fuel ratio and a fuel lean combustion as mixture leaner than the combustion as mixture having the theoretical air fuel ratio in an area surrounding said area of the fuel rich combustion gas mixture when it is determined that the temperature of the catalyst is lower than an

Abstract: A direct injection engine provided with an injector at a peripheral portion of a combustion chamber to inject at least at a latter stage of a compression stroke in at least in a low engine load and low engine speed condition, wherein a distance from the tip end of the injector to an opposite end the combustion chamber is determined greater than a traveling distance of an injected fuel for a time period from a start of a fuel injection at the latter stage of the compression stroke to the ignition timing, wherein; an ignition plug is arranged that an ignition gap is disposed within an injection area of the injector; and, wherein a distance from the tip end of the injector to the ignition gap is determined smaller than said traveling distance of the injected fuel. An ignitability and combustion stability can be improved to thereby improve a fuel consumption efficiency.

Abstract: A static RAM has a low resistive contact film disposed in direct contact with a storage node of a memory cell and the gate electrode of a driver transistor in a through-hole, and in direct contact with an end portion of a high-resistance load. An accurate and stable resistance can be obtained for the high-resistance load without raising the contact resistance between the storage node and the gate electrode of the driver transistor.

Abstract: A direct injection ignition engine includes a piston with a cavity on a top surface thereof, an injector arranged at a peripheral portion of a combustion chamber to be faced to the combustion chamber for injecting a fuel directly into the combustion chamber, an ignition plug arranged to be projected to the combustion chamber for igniting the fuel introduced into the combustion chamber, an intake passage connected to the combustion chamber for introducing an intake air to the combustion chamber, intake air flow control valve arranged in the intake passage for controlling an intake air flow of an inclined vortex including a tumble component and swirl component produced in the combustion chamber, an actuator for driving the control valve, engine load detecting sensor for detecting an engine load, engine speed detecting sensor for detecting an engine speed, fuel supply controller, based on the output signals from the engine load detecting sensor and the engine speed detecting sensor, for producing control signals

Abstract: The present invention provides a floating gate electrode structure in a non-volatile semiconductor memory device. The floating gate electrode comprises a base portion, a contact portion and a head portion. The base portion horizontally extends on a first gate insulation film so as to be positioned over a channel region of a semiconductor substrate. The contact portion upwardly extends from the base portion. The contact portion is provided within a vertical contact hole formed in an inter-layer insulator covering the base portion. The inter-layer insulator encloses bit lines. The bit lines are positioned above the base portion and electrically separated by the inter-layer insulator from both the contact portion and the base portion. The head portion horizontally extends on the inter-layer insulator to be in contact with the contact portion so that the head portion is electrically coupled to the base portion via the contact portion.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition against AIDS, which contains, as an active ingredient, an antibody capable of recognizing glycolipid derived from Echinoidea.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine has a plurality of peripheral ignition gaps arranged at appropriate separations along the periphery of a combustion chamber and a center ignition gap disposed at a center of the combustion chamber. The ignition gaps are selectively used according to engine operating conditions so that only the peripheral ignition gaps produce sparks when the engine operates under low engine loads and the center ignition gap and the peripheral ignition gaps all produce sparks at once when the engine operates under high engine loads.