Abstract: The engines include compression cylinders, combustion cylinders, an air rail, and a heat exchanger. The methods of operating a compression ignition engine include taking air into a compression cylinder of the engine, compressing the air in the compression cylinder to raise the pressure and temperature of the air, passing the compressed air through a heat exchanger, and from the heat exchanger into a combustion cylinder, further compressing the compressed air during a compression stroke of the combustion cylinder, igniting fuel in the combustion cylinder at or near the end of the compression stroke by compression ignition, followed by a power stroke, and opening an exhaust valve at the end of the power stroke and passing at least some of the exhaust in the combustion cylinder through the heat exchanger to heat air that has been compressed in the compression cylinder and is then passing through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Variable compression ratio engines and methods for homogeneous charge, compression ignition operation. The engines effectively premix the fuel and air well before compression ignition. Various embodiments are disclosed including embodiments that include two stages of compression to obtain compression ratios well above the mechanical compression ratio of the engine cylinders for compression ignition of difficult to ignite fuels, and a controllable combustion chamber volume for limiting the maximum temperature during combustion. Energy storage with energy management are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems of operating hydraulically powered electric generators are disclosed. The hydraulically powered electric generators comprise opposing stators spaced apart by an armature. The armature is positioned against a first stator. A conduction path is established through a coil of the first stator. The armature is magnetically held against the first stator for a specific time period. The armature is hydraulically moved away from the first stator to capture electrical energy resulting from a collapse in magnetic field in the first stator and the armature.

Abstract: Methods of operation of liquid and gaseous multi-fuel compression ignition engines that may be operated on a gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel, or a combination of both a gaseous fuel and a liquid fuel at the same time and in some embodiments, in the same combustion event. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Power plants using multiple identical engine block assemblies to form multiple engines, each contributing to a common output or outputs, and each using an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold and an air rail. Air is first compressed by some engine cylinders and delivered to the air rail, and then coupled to combustion cylinders from the air rail. Compressions and combustion may be in the same cylinders, the same engine block assembly but different cylinders or in different engine block assemblies. Multiple engines in the power plants are less costly than single large engines because of the quantity of manufacture and ease of maintenance. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems of operating hydraulically powered electric generators are disclosed. The hydraulically powered electric generators comprise opposing stators spaced apart by an armature. The armature is positioned against a first stator. A conduction path is established through a coil of the first stator. The armature is magnetically held against the first stator for a specific time period. The armature is hydraulically moved away from the first stator to capture electrical energy resulting from a collapse in magnetic field in the first stator and the armature.

Abstract: Variable compression ratio engines and methods for homogeneous charge, compression ignition operation. The engines effectively premix the fuel and air well before compression ignition. Various embodiments are disclosed including embodiments that include two stages of compression to obtain compression ratios well above the mechanical compression ratio of the engine cylinders for compression ignition of difficult to ignite fuels, and a controllable combustion chamber volume for limiting the maximum temperature during combustion. Energy storage with energy management are also disclosed.

Abstract: Variable compression ratio engines and methods for homogeneous charge, compression ignition operation. The engines effectively premix the fuel and air well before compression ignition. Various embodiments are disclosed including embodiments that include two stages of compression to obtain compression ratios well above the mechanical compression ratio of the engine cylinders for compression ignition of difficult to ignite fuels, and a controllable combustion chamber volume for limiting the maximum temperature during combustion. Energy storage with energy management are also disclosed.

Abstract: Power plants using multiple identical engine block assemblies to form multiple engines, each contributing to a common output or outputs, and each using an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold and an air rail. Air is first compressed by some engine cylinders and delivered to the air rail, and then coupled to combustion cylinders from the air rail. Compressions and combustion may be in the same cylinders, the same engine block assembly but different cylinders or in different engine block assemblies. Multiple engines in the power plants are less costly than single large engines because of the quantity of manufacture and ease of maintenance. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of operation of liquid and gaseous multi-fuel compression ignition engines that may be operated on a gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel, or a combination of both a gaseous fuel and a liquid fuel at the same time and in some embodiments, in the same combustion event. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of operation of liquid and gaseous multi-fuel compression ignition engines that may be operated on a gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel, or a combination of both a gaseous fuel and a liquid fuel at the same time and in some embodiments, in the same combustion event. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: The engines include compression cylinders, combustion cylinders, an air rail, and a heat exchanger. The methods of operating a compression ignition engine include taking air into a compression cylinder of the engine, compressing the air in the compression cylinder to raise the pressure and temperature of the air, passing the compressed air through a heat exchanger, and from the heat exchanger into a combustion cylinder, further compressing the compressed air during a compression stroke of the combustion cylinder, igniting fuel in the combustion cylinder at or near the end of the compression stroke by compression ignition, followed by a power stroke, and opening an exhaust valve at the end of the power stroke and passing at least some of the exhaust in the combustion cylinder through the heat exchanger to heat air that has been compressed in the compression cylinder and is then passing through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Variable compression ratio engines and methods for homogeneous charge, compression ignition operation. The engines effectively premix the fuel and air well before compression ignition. Various embodiments are disclosed including embodiments that include two stages of compression to obtain compression ratios well above the mechanical compression ratio of the engine cylinders for compression ignition of difficult to ignite fuels, and a controllable combustion chamber volume for limiting the maximum temperature during combustion. Energy storage with energy management are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of reducing NOx in the exhaust of a diesel engine having at least one combustion chamber by introducing NH3 into the diesel engine prior to a combustion event, at least some of the NH3 injected reducing the amount of NOx in the exhaust of the diesel engine, whereby the exhaust will contain an amount of NOx that is less than if no injection of NH3 was used, and will also contain an amount of NH3 that is less than the amount injected into the diesel engine, the rest of the NH3 being consumed during the combustion event and the reduction of NH3.

Abstract: Variable compression ratio engines and methods for homogeneous charge, compression ignition operation. The engines effectively premix the fuel and air well before compression ignition. Various embodiments are disclosed including embodiments that include two stages of compression to obtain compression ratios well above the mechanical compression ratio of the engine cylinders for compression ignition of difficult to ignite fuels, and a controllable combustion chamber volume for limiting the maximum temperature during combustion. Energy storage with energy management are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of operation of liquid and gaseous multi-fuel compression ignition engines that may be operated on a gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel, or a combination of both a gaseous fuel and a liquid fuel at the same time and in some embodiments, in the same combustion event. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Digital hydraulic opposed free piston internal combustion engines having a pair of free pistons in a pair of cylinders defining a combustion chamber above each free piston. The pair of free pistons is arranged to move within the pair of cylinders with parallel axes of free piston motion, and preferably co-linear axes of free piston motion. At least one hydraulic plunger is under each free piston with each hydraulic plunger in a respective hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinders are coupled to electronically controlled hydraulic cylinder valving. A controller controls the electronically controlled hydraulic cylinder valving to control the pair of free pistons to have substantially equal and opposite motions.

Abstract: Free piston engines having a free piston having a first piston diameter in a cylinder with a combustion chamber on a first side of the first piston and a piston rod having a second diameter fastened to a second side of the first piston and extending to a single second piston having a third diameter smaller than the first diameter, but larger that the second diameter, the single second piston extending into a hydraulic cylinder, the second piston having a first hydraulic area defined by the third diameter in a first hydraulic chamber, and a second hydraulic area defined by the area between the third diameter and the second diameter in a second hydraulic chamber, and valving to control the coupling of a high pressure, a low pressure and a reservoir to the first and second hydraulic chambers to control the free piston.

Abstract: Methods of operating fuel injectors with intensified fuel storage. At least one storage volume is provided in the intensifier type fuel injector, with a check valve between the intensifier and the needle chamber and storage volume preventing loss of injection pressure while the intensifier plunger cylinder is refilling with fuel. Using the check valve to isolate the storage volume from the intensifier to reduce and control pressure spikes that effect injector operation. This provides very efficient injector operation, particularly at low engine loads, by eliminating the wasted energy of compressing, venting and recompressing fuel for injection and reducing and controlling pressure spikes that effect injector operation.

Abstract: A compression ignition engine includes a high pressure injector for injecting a liquid fuel into a first combustion cylinder and a low pressure injector for injecting a gaseous fuel into a second combustion cylinder. A controller is coupled to the high pressure injector and the low pressure injector. The controller selects one of a liquid fuel mode and a gaseous fuel mode. If the liquid fuel mode is selected, air is compressed in a first cylinder, the compressed air is transferred to a second cylinder, and the liquid fuel is injected into the second cylinder. If the gaseous fuel mode is selected, air is compressed in the second cylinder, the compressed air is transferred to the first cylinder, and the gaseous fuel is injected into the first cylinder.