Abstract: To achieve an increased service life of organic, electro-optical elements, the invention provides a process for producing them which comprises the steps of:

Abstract: To hermetically seal a fiber optic light guide (1) in a stripped or de-coated state, i.e. the actual optical fiber (2), in a feedthrough sleeve (5) the actual optical fiber (2) is sealed together with the feedthrough sleeve (5) by means of glass solder with local heating. In order to make a permanent hermetic glass seal, the feedthrough sleeve (5) is made from an Invar alloy, i.e. an alloy with very low thermal expansion during heating and the glass solder employed is a low-melting glass solder with thermal expansion properties adapted to the metallic material. The glass solder is molded into prefabricated half-cylinder-shaped pressed parts (7), in which the stripped optical fiber (2) is inserted and sealed.

Abstract: The lead-free glass tubing of the SiO2—B2O3—R2O—BaO—ZnO—TiO2 system has a composition, in percent by weight on an oxide basis, consisting essentially of: SiO2, 34 to 52; B2O3, 10 to 25; Al2O3, 0 to 25; Li2O, 2 to 6; Na2O, 4 to 10; K2O, 2 to 6; CaO, 0 to 4; BaO, 1 to 5; ZnO, 4 to 12; TiO2, 2 to 6, and at least one refining agent in an effective amount for refining. An encapsulated diode consisting of a diode encapsulated with this lead-free glass tubing is also disclosed.

Abstract: A proximity sensor, in particular a proximity switch is described. A component that pertains to a system variable and is independent from the material of a trigger or target is elected and transformed into a non-periodic signal that depends upon the distance of the trigger. The trigger of a proximity sensor can thus be exchanged randomly without requiring subsequent adjustments. The impedance of an oscillation circuit which pertains to the proximity sensor, the impedance of an oscillation circuit coil, the amplitude of the oscillation circuit signal or a voltage divider ratio between the oscillation circuit and the additional resistance can be used s system variables for instance.