Abstract: The increasing number of mobile battery-powered small appliances with different feed voltages and connecting devices is calling for a universal and compact energy supply apparatus which provides for an uncomplicated and at the same time cost-efficient adjustability to as many small appliances as possible. To this end, the present application proposes a universal power supply unit consisting of an energy station with an integrated voltage converter in combination with various appliance-specific adapter cables with a group of electronic components. This generates an individual programming signal in the adapter cable which when coupling the adapter cable to the energy station causes a corresponding setting of the required output values. This leads to a simple matching of the unit with various small appliances and provides for a large field of applications. In particular, by feeding solar energy the power supply unit may be rendered autarchic in terms of energy.

Abstract: A piston internal combustion engine with at least one gas exhaust valve (2) for each cylinder (1), which is actuated by an actuator (7), in particular an electromagnetic actuator, controlled by a fully variable engine control unit (15). Based on the predetermined operating cycle, the valve can close off the cylinder interior space against a gas exhaust channel (13) that follows the valve seat (3) of the exhaust valve. This channel is connected to an exhaust gas system and is provided with a means for example a constriction (14) for reducing the pressure gradient during the start of the opening of the gas exhaust valve (2). A specific pressure fluctuation is used for a further reduction in the pressure gradient behind the exhaust valves during the opening through a corresponding layout of the pipe geometry and the container volumes in the exhaust gas system or corresponding installed components.

Abstract: A screwless terminal, especially a modular terminal (1), with a conductor bar (3) situated in a terminal housing (2) and with an insulation displacement contact element (4) electroconductively connected to the conductor bar (3). An electrical conductor (11) that is introduced via a housing lead-through can be contacted between the cutting edges (7, 8) of the insulation displacement contact element (4) whereby the cutting edges (7,8) face each other. The insulation displacement contact element (4) is moveably arranged on the conductor bar (3). Insulation displacement contacting of the fixedly position conductor (11) is carried out by a translation movement of the insulation displacement contact element (4) along the conductor bar (3).

Abstract: An electrical modular terminal, especially for latching onto a mounting rail, with a base terminal (2) and with at least one plug (3, 4), the base terminal (2) having a terminal housing (7) which made of insulating material, at least one terminal element (8, 9) located in it and at least two sockets which are electrically connected to the terminal element (8, 9) or to terminal elements (8, 9), the plug (3, 4) having a plug housing (13, 14) which is made of insulating material, at least one terminal element (15) located therein and a plug-in contact which is electrically connected to the at least one terminal element (15), and the at least one plug (3, 4) being mechanically connected by means of a fastener to the terminal housing (7) of the base terminal (2).

Abstract: An electrical terminal, for example a terminal block which includes a terminal housing having at least one terminal element located within, such as a tension spring terminal, and with at least one current bar. The terminal housing also includes at least one lead insertion opening for inserting an electrical lead to be connected, at least one actuating opening for inserting an actuating tool for opening the tension spring terminal and at least one test plug opening for inserting a test plug which is laterally offset from the plane of the actuating opening. This electrical terminal enables a test tap while also having smaller size than conventional electrical terminals.

Abstract: An electrical modular terminal, especially for latching onto a mounting rail, with a base terminal (2) and with at least one plug (3, 4), the base terminal (2) having a terminal housing (7) which made of insulating material, at least one terminal element (8, 9) located in it and at least two sockets which are electrically connected to the terminal element (8, 9) or to terminal elements (8, 9), the plug (3, 4) having a plug housing (13, 14) which is made of insulating material, at least one terminal element (15) located therein and a plug-in contact which is electrically connected to the at least one terminal element (15), and the at least one plug (3, 4) being mechanically connected by means of a fastener to the terminal housing (7) of the base terminal (2).