Abstract: A polar code may be initially divided into multiple polar component codes where the features of these component codes, such as the number of component codes and the size of the component codes, are determined based on parameters such as the number of available timing units within a transmission interval, interleaving depth, and decoder capability. For each selected component code, the order of code bit generation and their indexes may be determined. The determined indexes may be assigned into different, unique groups according to the order of code bit generation. An interleaving operation may be configured and then executed according to the determined index grouping. In the transmission phase, the code bits may be transmitted based on the identified order of the bit generation in the component polar codes, such as the determined index grouping.

Abstract: In certain representative embodiments, methods, apparatus and systems are provided for the selection of component codes for input as cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits during polar encoding. The component polar codes and particular encoded bits in these component codes that will be used in CRC calculation can be selected. A CRC calculation may be performed based on the component codes and the selected encoded bits. The calculated CRC bits may be appended to a header part of the input bits of the polar encoder. Polar encoding may then be performed using the input bits which include the calculated CRC bits appended thereto. For example, the polar encoding may skip encoding levels used in accordance with the component code selection. The polar encoding may have improved complexity and/or latency characteristics. In certain representative embodiments, methods, apparatus and systems are provided for polar decoding having improved complexity and/or latency characteristics.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for sensing a cluster of closely-spaced objects are described herein. A method implemented in a first station (STA) may include receiving, from a second STA, a multicast message including information indicating a request for one or more STAs to participate in a sensing procedure and information indicating one or more sensing parameters. The method may include transmitting, to the second STA, an indication that the first STA is capable of participating in the sensing procedure based on the one or more sensing parameters, the indication including information associated with a participation ability of the first STA. The method may include receiving, from the second STA, configuration information for performing the sensing procedure sensing as a transmit responder based on the information associated with the participation ability of the first STA, and performing the sensing procedure as the transmit responder by transmitting beamformed signals.

Abstract: A polar code may be initially divided into multiple polar component codes where the features of these component codes, such as the number of component codes and the size of the component codes, are determined based on parameters such as the number of available timing units within a transmission interval, interleaving depth, and decoder capability. For each selected component code, the order of code bit generation and their indexes may be determined. The determined indexes may be assigned into different, unique groups according to the order of code bit generation. An interleaving operation may be configured and then executed according to the determined index grouping. In the transmission phase, the code bits may be transmitted based on the identified order of the bit generation in the component polar codes, such as the determined index grouping.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products that may be implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and/or a network access point (NAP) with respect to MIMO precoding using a precoding neural network (NN) at the NAP. Training of the NN may use artificial and/or measured channel state information (CSI). In one embodiment, the WTRU may provide feedback to the NAP in the form of CSI statistics, time correlation, and/or bit error rate (BER) regarding a channel. The NAP may inform the WTRU of information for extracting training samples which are fed back from the WTRU to the NAP. The NAP may perform retraining of the NN using the training samples to adjust and/or recalibrate the NN weights. The information for extracting training samples may include CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) density and/or CSI-RS transmission time slots for extracting the training samples at the WTRU.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for encoding/decoding a QD-DTS-PrCC are provided. The decoding method includes determining a number kTS of input bits included in a transmission of a data stream and a first bit of the input bits included in the transmission in the data stream; determining a number of Encoded Bit Blocks (EBBs), each of the EBBs including any number of data blocks that are previously transmitted Transmit Segments (TS) of the data stream, each of the data blocks having a bit length of kTS bits; selecting that number of EBBs for encoding a QD-DTS-PrCC component codeword (QDCC) of the transmission according to a DTS indexing method for indexing a plurality of EBBs; generating the QDCC including a TS, Virtual Segments (VSs), and rc parity bits, a dimensionality of the QD-DTS-PrCC being at least 2; and extracting the calculated TS of the QDCC to an output EBB.

Abstract: Systems, methods and instrumentalities are disclosed for offloading computation for an application on a local device in a wireless network, comprising determining service-level requirements for the application, wherein the service-level requirements comprise one or more of latency, reliability, and power consumption for processing; determining wireless network conditions; determining local device conditions; partitioning the application into one or more tasks; comparing a processing time of a task at the local device to a latency requirement of the task, and: if the processing time of the local device would exceed the latency requirement of the task, determining to offload the task; and if the processing time of the local de vice would not exceed the latency requirement of the task, comparing a power consumed at the local device to offload the task to a power consumed at the local device to execute the task, wherein if the power consumed at the local device to offload the task is less than the power consumed

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for orthogonal radar communication are described herein. A method performed by an Access Point (AP) may include estimating, at a first time instance, a channel frequency response (CFR) for a set of subcarriers; allocating, from the set of subcarriers, based on the estimated CFR, a subset of subcarriers for sensing and a subset of subcarriers for data transmission; and transmitting, to a station (STA), data using the subset of subcarriers for data transmission and information indicating the allocated subset of subcarriers for sensing. The method may further comprise receiving feedback from the STA and allocating, from the set of subcarriers, based on the received feedback, another subset of subcarriers for sensing and another subset of subcarriers for data transmission.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods for a backscatter measurement based multiple RACH preamble transmissions are disclosed. A WTRU may receive a JCS-RS configuration comprising a minimum RACH preamble retransmission interval. The JCS-RS configuration may comprise a JCS backscatter power fraction (?) of the WTRU transmit power (PTx). The WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble in a RACH occasion corresponding to a preferred SS/PBCH Index using an initial WTRU transmit beam, having an associated first RA-RNTI value. The backscatter power (PBS) may be measured using the WTRU receive beam corresponding to the WTRU transmit beam used for the RACH preamble transmission. On a condition that PBS>?PTx, the WTRU may retransmit the RACH preamble after a retransmission interval, on resources associated with a second RA-RNTI value.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be used for reduced complexity polar encoding and decoding. There may be a set of encoding nodes to be used for polar encoding. An encoding node may be associated with a bit index and/or a relaxation level. A relaxation attribute may be selected for the encoding node. A relaxation group may be determined based on the relaxation attributes. The relaxation group may include two encoding nodes associated with consecutive bit indexes, an initial relaxation level, and the first relaxation attribute. A final relaxation level may be determined. Relaxation may be performed on the encoding nodes in the relaxation group. For example, an XOR operation between the encoding nodes may be omitted. Relaxation may be performed on the encoding nodes associated with each relaxation level up to the final relaxation level.

Abstract: Methods, architectures, apparatuses and systems directed to active sensing in a wireless communications system (WCS) are provided.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be used for reduced complexity polar encoding and decoding. There may be a set of encoding nodes to be used for polar encoding. An encoding node may be associated with a bit index and/or a relaxation level. A relaxation attribute may be selected for the encoding node. A relaxation group may be determined based on the relaxation attributes. The relaxation group may include two encoding nodes associated with consecutive bit indexes, an initial relaxation level, and the first relaxation attribute. A final relaxation level may be determined. Relaxation may be performed on the encoding nodes in the relaxation group. For example, an XOR operation between the encoding nodes may be omitted. Relaxation may be performed on the encoding nodes associated with each relaxation level up to the final relaxation level.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems are provided for constructing and modulating polar codes. Such procedures may involve identifying nonuniform channel conditions, selecting a modulation order, configuring a plurality of component codes and incremental ratios for Unequal Error Protection (UEP), identifying initial code construction parameters for each component code, calculating modified code construction parameters based on the incremental ratios for UEP, and encoding the component polar codes according to the modified construction parameters. Each component code may be comprised of a plurality of input bits. The initial and modified code construction parameters may include a number of unfrozen and frozen input bits, and identifying a number of unfrozen and frozen input bits may involve calculating and comparing reliability values for each bit. Calculating and comparing reliability values for each bit may involve applying a Polarization Weight (PW)-based method.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be used for reduced complexity polar encoding and decoding. There may be a set of encoding nodes to be used for polar encoding. An encoding node may be associated with a bit index and/or a relaxation level. A relaxation attribute may be selected for the encoding node. A relaxation group may be determined based on the relaxation attributes. The relaxation group may include two encoding nodes associated with consecutive bit indexes, an initial relaxation level, and the first relaxation attribute. A final relaxation level may be determined. Relaxation may be performed on the encoding nodes in the relaxation group. For example, an XOR operation between the encoding nodes may be omitted. Relaxation may be performed on the encoding nodes associated with each relaxation level up to the final relaxation level.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for receive (Rx) beam selection are described herein. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive, from a base station (BS), configuration information for joint communication and sensing (JCS) reference signals. The configuration information may include resources for reference signal transmission and resources for measurement reporting. The WTRU may be further configured to receive, from the BS, an indication to activate a subset of the resources for JCS reference signal transmission. The WTRU may be further configured to transmit, a plurality of JCS reference signals using the activated subset of resources for reference signal transmission. The WTRU may be further configured to measure, via a plurality of Rx beams, a backscatter power associated with each of the transmitted plurality of JCS reference signals. The WTRU may be further configured to calculate beam blockage statistics based on the measured backscatter power.

Abstract: A method and system for rate matching in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method comprises receiving K information bits at a channel encoder and generating N output bits. The N output bits may be interleaved by an interleaver. In a HARQ retransmission the output bits may be placed into a circular buffer. The N output bits may be divided into two or more parts comprising at least a first part and a second part. The method further comprises mapping a first part of one or more parts of the N output bits to a M1 (=2m1)-ary modulation and mapping a second part of one or more parts of the N output bits to a M2 (=2m2))-ary modulation. The output bits may be transmitted by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a base station, or the like.

Abstract: A polar code may be initially divided into multiple polar component codes where the features of these component codes, such as the number of component codes and the size of the component codes, are determined based on parameters such as the number of available timing units within a transmission interval, interleaving depth, and decoder capability. For each selected component code, the order of code bit generation and their indexes may be determined. The determined indexes may be assigned into different, unique groups according to the order of code bit generation. An interleaving operation may be configured and then executed according to the determined index grouping. In the transmission phase, the code bits may be transmitted based on the identified order of the bit generation in the component polar codes, such as the determined index grouping.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU may comprise generating a polar factor graph and pruning the polar factor graph to generate a pruned factor graph. The pruned factor graph may include input variable nodes, check nodes and output variable nodes. The method may further comprise the initializing input variable nodes. For each of a plurality of encoding levels of the pruned factor graph, values from the input variable nodes may be transferred to the check nodes. Operations, for example, XOR) additions, may be performed on the values of the check nodes. Check nodes having a single connection to another node not used in a previous transfer may be identified. Values from the identified check nodes may be transferred to the input variable nodes. Binary values from the input variable nodes may be transferred to the output variable nodes for transmission to a receiver.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for millimeter wave (mmW) beam acquisition are disclosed. An apparatus may include a processor and a transceiver configured to receive a plurality of signals. The plurality of signals may be swept over time using a respective plurality of beams, and each signal of the plurality of signals may include a sequence based on an index of a respective one of the plurality of beams. The processor and the transceiver may take a measurement of a first signal of the plurality of signals. The transceiver may transmit a measurement report including the measurement of the first signal of the plurality of signals and the index of a respective one of the plurality of beams.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for encoding/decoding a QD-DTS-PrCC are provided. The decoding method includes determining a number kTS of input bits included in a transmission of a data stream and a first bit of the input bits included in the transmission in the data stream; determining a number of Encoded Bit Blocks (EBBs), each of the EBBs including any number of data blocks that are previously transmitted Transmit Segments (TS) of the data stream, each of the data blocks having a bit length of kTS bits; selecting that number of EBBs for encoding a QD-DTS-PrCC component codeword (QDCC) of the transmission according to a DTS indexing method for indexing a plurality of EBBs; generating the QDCC including a TS, Virtual Segments (VSs), and rc parity bits, a dimensionality of the QD-DTS-PrCC being at least 2; and extracting the calculated TS of the QDCC to an output EBB.