Abstract: An imaging system aka 3d camera operative in conjunction with a tube having two open ends, the system comprising active portions small enough to fit into the tube and an electronic subsystem including a hardware processor operative to receive image/s from the active portions and to generate therefrom at least one 3D image of a scene visible via one of the tube's open ends. The system may comprise a tracker configured to be secured to the tube, and a method for monitoring location, e.g. absolute location, of the tube, accordingly.

Abstract: Interferometric systems and methods for measuring rotational movement are described. In one implementation, an interferometer for measuring rotational movement includes a housing and a light source within the housing configured to project coherent light toward a non-coded surface of an object. The interferometer further includes at least one optical element configured to modify the projected coherent light in a manner accounting for a rotation of the object. The interferometer also includes at least one sensor within the housing including at least one light detector configured to detect reflections of the modified projected coherent light from the opposing non-coded surface as the object rotates relative to the housing. The interferometer further includes at least one processor configured to receive input from the at least one sensor and determine an amount of rotation of the object around the at least one rotational axis.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for determining relative motion. In one implementation, an interferometer is provided. The interferometer may include a body, a light source configured to project a coherent light to an opposing surface, a plurality of pairs of light detectors configured to convert reflections of the coherent light into photocurrents, and a processor. The processor may be configured to detect changes in the photocurrents, wherein a first change in the photocurrents, which occurs in response to a relative motion between the body and the opposing surface, represents a motion signal, and a second change in the photocurrents represents a noise signal. The processor may also determine the relative motion between the body and the opposing surface based on the first change in the photocurrents when a ratio between a power of the motion signal and a power of the noise signal is below about 10.

Abstract: A computerized method aiding a surgeon end-user, comprising Providing a light projector configured to project at least one pattern onto spine, Providing 3D video cameras operative, when the spine is in their field of view, to capture 3D video imagery of the spine and pattern; Providing a tool tracker comprising an INS operative to repeatedly compute an output tool-status indication of a current orientation and position of tool used during spine surgery, and a wireless communication module providing data communication between subsystem and a processor including sending the output tool-status indication to the processor; the processor including logic configured to receive the output tool-status indication generated by the tool tracker and the 3D video imagery, and to track vertebra, using the pattern, which is known to the processor, and accordingly to provide feedback to the surgeon.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed generating input. In one implementation, a stylus is provided for generating writing input. The stylus includes an elongated body having a distal end, and a light source configured to project coherent light on an opposing surface adjacent the distal end. The stylus further includes at least one sensor configured to measure first reflections of the coherent light from the opposing surface while the distal end moves in contact with the opposing surface, and to measure second reflections of the coherent light from the opposing surface while the distal end moves above the opposing surface and out of contact with the opposing surface. The stylus also includes at least one processor configured to receive input from the at least one sensor and to enable determining three dimensional positions of the distal end based on the first reflections and the second reflections.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for determining relative motion. In one implementation, an interferometer is provided. The interferometer may include a body, a light source configured to project a coherent light to an opposing surface, a plurality of pairs of light detectors configured to convert reflections of the coherent light into photocurrents, and a processor. The processor may be configured to detect changes in the photocurrents, wherein a first change in the photocurrents, which occurs in response to a relative motion between the body and the opposing surface, represents a motion signal, and a second change in the photocurrents represents a noise signal. The processor may also determine the relative motion between the body and the opposing surface based on the first change in the photocurrents when a ratio between a power of the motion signal and a power of the noise signal is below about 10.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for determining relative motion. In one implementation, an interferometer is provided. The interferometer may include a body, a light source configured to project a coherent light to an opposing surface, a plurality of pairs of light detectors configured to convert reflections of the coherent light into photocurrents, and a processor. The processor may be configured to detect changes in the photocurrents, wherein a first change in the photocurrents, which occurs in response to a relative motion between the body and the opposing surface, represents a motion signal, and a second change in the photocurrents represents a noise signal. The processor may also determine the relative motion between the body and the opposing surface based on the first change in the photocurrents when a ratio between a power of the motion signal and a power of the noise signal is below about 10.

Abstract: Interferometric systems and methods for measuring rotational movement are described. In one implementation, an interferometer for measuring rotational movement includes a housing and a light source within the housing configured to project coherent light toward a non-coded surface of an object. The interferometer further includes at least one optical element configured to modify the projected coherent light in a manner accounting for a rotation of the object. The interferometer also includes at least one sensor within the housing including at least one light detector configured to detect reflections of the modified projected coherent light from the opposing non-coded surface as the object rotates relative to the housing. The interferometer further includes at least one processor configured to receive input from the at least one sensor and determine an amount of rotation of the object around the at least one rotational axis.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed generating input. In one implementation, a stylus is provided for generating writing input. The stylus includes an elongated body having a distal end, and a light source configured to project coherent light on an opposing surface adjacent the distal end. The stylus further includes at least one sensor configured to measure first reflections of the coherent light from the opposing surface while the distal end moves in contact with the opposing surface, and to measure second reflections of the coherent light from the opposing surface while the distal end moves above the opposing surface and out of contact with the opposing surface. The stylus also includes at least one processor configured to receive input from the at least one sensor and to enable determining three dimensional positions of the distal end based on the first reflections and the second reflections.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for generating input. In one implementation, a stylus is provided for generating writing input. The stylus includes an elongated body having a distal end, and a light source configured to project coherent light on an opposing surface adjacent the distal end. The stylus further includes at least one sensor configured to measure first reflections of the coherent light from the opposing surface while the distal end moves in contact with the opposing surface, and to measure second reflections of the coherent light from the opposing surface while the distal end moves above the opposing surface and out of contact with the opposing surface. The stylus also includes at least one processor configured to receive input from the at least one sensor and to enable determining three dimensional positions of the distal end based on the first reflections and the second reflections.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for determining relative motion. In one implementation, an interferometer is provided. The interferometer may include a body, a light source configured to project a coherent light to an opposing surface, a plurality of pairs of light detectors configured to convert reflections of the coherent light into photocurrents, and a processor. The processor may be configured to detect changes in the photocurrents, wherein a first change in the photocurrents, which occurs in response to a relative motion between the body and the opposing surface, represents a motion signal, and a second change in the photocurrents represents a noise signal. The processor may also determine the relative motion between the body and the opposing surface based on the first change in the photocurrents when a ratio between a power of the motion signal and a power of the noise signal is below about 10.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for generating input. In one implementation, a stylus is provided for generating writing input. The stylus includes an elongated body having a distal end, and a light source configured to project coherent light on an opposing surface adjacent the distal end. The stylus further includes at least one sensor configured to measure first reflections of the coherent light from the opposing surface while the distal end moves in contact with the opposing surface, and to measure second reflections of the coherent light from the opposing surface while the distal end moves above the opposing surface and out of contact with the opposing surface. The stylus also includes at least one processor configured to receive input from the at least one sensor and to enable determining three dimensional positions of the distal end based on the first reflections and the second reflections.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided, comprising first and second rails (140) and a pneumatic motor assembly (22). The assembly comprises a first motor subassembly (180), comprising a first-motor subassembly locking balloon (160), which locks the first rail to the first motor subassembly by inflation thereof; and a first-motor subassembly moving balloon (170), which moves the first rail by a mechanism of either inflation or deflation of the first-motor subassembly moving balloon, when the first-motor locking balloon is inflated. Assembly (22) additionally comprises a second motor subassembly (185), comprising a second-motor assembly locking balloon (165), which locks the second rail to the second motor subassembly by inflation thereof; and a second-motor subassembly moving balloon (175), configured to move the second rail by a mechanism selected from either inflation or deflation of the second-motor subassembly moving balloon, when the second-motor subassembly locking balloon is inflated.

Abstract: Devices, and methods for measuring bioimpedance signals are disclosed. One aspect may include a headset apparatus including a retainer and electrodes. The retainer may be configured to position the electrodes on the head of a subject so as to obtain bioimpedance signals indicative of hemodynamic conditions associated with an MCA territory. A processor may be included to measure and analyze the obtained bioimpedance signals, and to output information for predicting hemodynamic conditions associated with an MCA territory.

Abstract: Devices, and methods for monitoring cerebro-hemodynamic signals are disclosed. In one aspect, the devices and methods may include receiving at least one signal characterizing a bioimpedance measurement. The at least one signal may be correlated with the timing of a cardiac wave and analyzed to ascertain an extent of an expected characteristic within the signal. The extent of the expected characteristic may be used to provide information for predicting a physiological brain condition. The at least one signal may include two signals, obtained from opposite brain hemispheres, and may be a bioimpedance signal.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided, comprising first and second rails (140) and a pneumatic motor assembly (22). The assembly comprises a first motor subassembly (180), comprising a first-motor subassembly locking balloon (160), which locks the first rail to the first motor subassembly by inflation thereof; and a first-motor subassembly moving balloon (170), which moves the first rail by a mechanism of either inflation or deflation of the first-motor subassembly moving balloon, when the first-motor locking balloon is inflated. Assembly (22) additionally comprises a second motor subassembly (185), comprising a second-motor assembly locking balloon (165), which locks the second rail to the second motor subassembly by inflation thereof; and a second-motor subassembly moving balloon (175), configured to move the second rail by a mechanism selected from either inflation or deflation of the second-motor subassembly moving balloon, when the second-motor subassembly locking balloon is inflated.

Abstract: Devices and methods for monitoring intracranial hemodynamic parameters, such as intracranial pressure, cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral perfusion pressure are disclosed. In one aspect, the devices and methods may involve receiving at least one impedance plethysmography signal. Waveforms may be extracted from the impedance plethysmography signals and used for estimating the intracranial hemodynamic parameters. Various characteristics may be determined from the waveforms to aid in the estimation of intracranial hemodynamic parameters.

Abstract: Devices, and methods for receiving and comparing bioimpedance signals are disclosed. In one aspect, the devices and methods may include receiving bioimpedance signals indicative of hemodynamic characteristics within a subject's brain. Bioimpedance signals may be compared, and the comparison used to provide information for diagnosing changes in arterial occlusion. Bioimpedance signals may be associated with left and right sides of a subject's brain. Signature features within the bioimpedance signals may be detected and used to determine differences in the bioimpedance signals.

Abstract: Devices, and methods for measuring bioimpedance signals are disclosed. One aspect may include a headset apparatus including a retainer and electrodes. The retainer may be configured to position the electrodes on the head of a subject so as to obtain bioimpedance signals indicative of hemodynamic conditions associated with an MCA territory. A processor may be included to measure and analyze the obtained bioimpedance signals, and to output information for predicting hemodynamic conditions associated with an MCA territory.

Abstract: Devices, and methods for monitoring cerebro-hemodynamic signals are disclosed. In one aspect, the devices and methods may include receiving at least one signal characterizing a bioimpedance measurement. The at least one signal may be correlated with the timing of a cardiac wave and analyzed to ascertain an extent of an expected characteristic within the signal. The extent of the expected characteristic may be used to provide information for predicting a physiological brain condition. The at least one signal may include two signals, obtained from opposite brain hemispheres, and may be a bioimpedance signal.