Abstract: Devices, and methods for synchronizing cerebro-hemodynamic signals are disclosed. In one aspect, the devices and methods may include synchronizing first and second signals indicative of hemodynamic characteristics within a subject's brain. Differences may be determined between the synchronized signals and used to provide information for diagnosing changes in arterial occlusion. Differences between the synchronized signals may include differences, such as timing delays, between signature features of the synchronized signals. The first and second signals may be indicative of hemodynamic characteristics in first and second hemisphere's of a subject's brain. The first and second signals may be bioimpedance signals.

Abstract: A method of dental registration, comprising, rigidly coupling a base element to a maxillofacial area; inserting an object comprising at least one of a tool and a tool guide into a mouth in said maxillofacial area; and determining a position of said object relative to said rigid element without a reference element outside of said mouth.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining measurement element positions, comprising a plurality of measurement elements; at least one trigger element corresponding to each element of the plurality of measurement elements; a positional encoder configured to register a position of each of the measurement elements when the trigger element is activated; and a controller, wherein the controller constructs a surface geometry model from the registered measurement element positions.

Abstract: A method for determining the relative motion of a surface with respect to a measurement device including placing a partially transmitting object, which is part of the measuring device, adjacent to the surface; illuminating the surface with incident illumination, which does not constitute an interference pattern, such that the illumination is reflected from portions of the surface, wherein at least part of at least one of the incident and reflected illumination passes through the object; detecting the illumination reflected from the surface, and generating a detected signal; and determining the relative motion of the surface parallel to the surface, from the detected signal.

Abstract: A method of detecting the passage of an edge of a moving sheet of material at a position comprising: monitoring a state of motion at a position; and determining a time of an edge of the sheet at a position as a time at which a change in a state of motion at the position is detected.

Abstract: A method for determining the relative motion of a surface with respect to a measurement device comprising:

Abstract: A method for determining the relative motion of a surface with respect to a measurement device, comprising: illuminating the surface with incident illumination, having a coherence length, such that the illumination is reflected from portions of the surface, wherein at least part of at least one of the incident and reflected illumination passes through a partially transmitting object that is part of the measuring device; detecting the illumination reflected from the surface, to generate a detected signal; and determining the relative motion of the surface parallel to the surface, from the detected signal, wherein the object and the surface are situated within a distance that is less than the coherence length of the detected illumination.

Abstract: A method for determining the relative motion of a surface with respect to a measurement device comprising: illuminating the surface with incident illumination; detecting illumination reflected from the surface to form at least one detected signal; and determining the amount of relative motion parallel to the surface from said at least one detected signal, characterized in that said determining includes correcting for the effects of relative motion perpendicular to the surface.

Abstract: A portable laser marking device for permanently marking objects. The portable laser marking device has a control cabinet including a laser generating unit and an optical fiber that delivers the laser beam from the generating unit to a laser marking head. The laser marking head includes a focusing support with three prongs to keep the surface of the object at a focus distance from the marking head. A handle with marking on/off control is also attached to the laser marking head.

Abstract: A method for determining the relative motion of a surface with respect to a measurement device comprising: illuminating the surface from a source with incident illumination, such that illumination is reflected from portions of the surface toward a detector; spatially filtering the reflected illumination such that the phase of the detected optical illumination from a given scatterer on the surface is substantially constant or linearly related to the translation of the surface; generating a signal by the detector responsive to the illumination incident on the detector; and determining the relative motion of the surface from the signal.

Abstract: A method for determining the relative motion of a surface with respect to a measurement device comprising: illuminating the surface with incident illumination such that illumination is reflected from portions of the surface; placing a partially reflecting object, which is part of the measuring device, adjacent to the surface, wherein part of the incident illumination is reflected or diffracted by the object, as a reference illumination; coherently detecting the illumination reflected from the surface, utilizing the illumination reflected from or diffracted by the object as a local oscillator, to form a signal; determining the relative motion of the surface from the signal; varying the phase of the illumination reflected from or diffracted by the object with respect to that reflected from the surface; and determining the direction of relative motion parallel to the surface based on a characteristic of the signal caused by said varied relative phase.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for performing interference measurements by observation of interference noise, including the steps of splitting an energy beam from an energy source into two beams directed into two different arms of an interferometer; using variable delay-generating means to introduce a path difference between the two arms; introducing a variable phase difference between the two arms, and recombining the two energy beams into a single beam. There is also provided an apparatus including a beam splitter in which an energy beam from an energy source is split into two arms, a variable delay unit in which a variable delay is imposed on one of the two arms, a constant delay unit imposing a constant delay on the other one of the two arms, and a recombiner in which the two arms are recombined to form a single output beam. A phase randomizer is interposed between the constant delay unit or the variable delay unit and the recombiner, to introduce a variable phase difference between the two arms.