Abstract: A scheme for constructing a database in a user system, which can automatically store those portions of the structured documents which contain important contents without exerting a burden on the user is disclosed. A structured document provided by a server device is obtained according to a document request made by the user system, where each structured document has a structure represented by tags in each structured document. Then, at least one important portion is automatically extracted from the structured document by utilizing the structure of the structured document according to prescribed extraction criteria specified in advance, and the extracted important portion is stored into the database, while the obtained structured document is transferred to the user system.

Abstract: Schedulability determination method of determining whether real-time scheduling of tasks is possible using processors, includes calculating Lk and ?i=1 . . . NMi*Uk,i, (1?k,i?N;k,i:integer) where Lk corresponds to task-k, Mi represents number of the one or more processors simultaneously used by task-i, Uk,i corresponds to task-k and task-i, and N represents number of tasks, and determining that real-time scheduling of tasks is possible using processors, if tasks all satisfy conditions, ?i=1 . . .

Abstract: A scheme for systematically registering meta-data with respect to various types of individual data so as to enable sophisticated retrieval or application program construction assistance utilizing the meta-data in a data server is disclosed. A data type of registering data to be registered into a data server that registers and manages data and meta-data for data, and one procedure corresponding to the detected data type is selected from a plurality of procedures provided in correspondence to respective data types and stored in advance, each procedure having a program code for generating the meta-data for data according to a corresponding data type. Then, the meta-data for the registering data are generated by executing the program code of the selected procedure, and the generated meta-data are registered in relation to the registering data.

Abstract: A transaction processing system capable of easily and efficiently realizing the file update processing by a plurality of transactions operating in parallel as well as the recovery processing at a time of a fault occurrence is disclosed. In the transaction processing system, a plurality of transactions that carry out update processing with respect to one file read out onto a buffer region are executed, and that one file is written into a stable memory device at a time of commit of one transaction among the plurality of transactions, where that one file contains a content of committed updates made by that one transaction and a content of non-committed updates made by other non-committed transactions, and information for cancelling the non-committed updates.

Abstract: A transactional file system which is capable of realizing atomic update of plural files by transactions is disclosed. In the transactional file system, a log entry containing an information for validating all updates made by a transaction collectively on a stable memory device, is generated for one or more files updated on a buffer region by the transaction since a start of a processing of the transaction until a commit of the transaction. Then, the log entry is written into the stable memory device at a time of the commit of the transaction.

Abstract: A transactional file system capable of realizing atomic update of plural files by transactions. In the transactional file system, a log entry containing information for validating all updates made by transaction collectively on a stable memory device, is generated for one or more files updated on a buffer region by the transaction since a start of a processing of the transaction until a commit of the transaction. Then, the log entry is written into the stable memory device at a time of the commit of the transaction.

Abstract: A data management system capable of realizing improved flexibility, independency and expandability together is disclosed. The data management system is formed by a memory unit configured to store a plurality of data operation modules for operating data which have different operation functions, and an operation unit configured to read out data requested by the application program from the data storage system, select those data operation modules that should carry out the operations with respect to the data such that the data will be in compliance with a data model suitable for the processing that the application program wishes to carry out, from the plurality of data operation modules, such that the data to which the operations are applied by selected data operation modules are given to the application program.

Abstract: A data management system capable of realizing improved flexibility, independency and expandability together is disclosed. The data management system is formed by a memory unit configured to store a plurality of data operation modules for operating data which have different operation functions, and an operation unit configured to read out data requested by the application program from the data storage system, select those data operation modules that should carry out the operations with respect to the data such that the data will be in compliance with a data model suitable for the processing that the application program wishes to carry out, from the plurality of data operation modules, such that the data to which the operations are applied by selected data operation modules are given to the application program.

Abstract: A write control method of exclusively controlling write requests from a plurality of user terminals to an identical structured document is disclosed. The identical structured document includes a plurality of elements each containing document content. A monitor field is set in units of the elements within the identical structured document. Upon accepting one write request from one user terminal, it is determined if the one write request is directed to the document content under monitoring by referral to the monitor field. Then, the one write request is handled to reject overwriting of the document content despite the one write request if the document content has been rewritten by another write request from another user terminal in advance.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product for performing bidirectional transformation between a first structured document and a second structured document is disclosed. A transformation rule having primitive rules each of which is applicable to respective one of elements specified in units of paths within the first structured document is prepared. A forward transformation is performed, which transforms the first structured document into the second structured document in accordance with the transformation rule. At that time, a transformation record is created. The record contains which primitive rules were applied and which paths were transformed in the forward transformation. The transformed second structured document may be edited by an application-side. After that, a backward transformation is performed, which transforms the second structured document into the first structured document with referral to the transformation record, the transformation rule, and the first structured document.

Abstract: A transaction processing system capable of easily and efficiently realizing the file update processing by a plurality of transactions operating in parallel as well as the recovery processing at a time of a fault occurrence is disclosed. In the transaction processing system, a plurality of transactions that carry out update processing with respect to one file read out onto a buffer region are executed, and that one file is written into a stable memory device at a time of commit of one transaction among the plurality of transactions, where that one file contains a content of committed updates made by that one transaction and a content of non-committed updates made by other non-committed transactions, and information for cancelling the non-committed updates.

Abstract: A click-type writing implement with reduced diameter by suppressed swerving of writing element during advancing and with improved easiness of assembling and improved ornamental appearance, comprising manipulator pieces on outside; actuator pieces respectively advanced or retracted by the manipulator pieces; a main shaft arranging writing elements as forward and rearward slidable; springs respectively applying rearward stress on the actuator pieces. The each actuator piece has a first and second projecting portions, which protrude laterally respectively at forefront portion and at a rearward portion distanced from the forefront portion. The main shaft has an inner face comprised of a small-internal-diameter portion in vicinity of rearmost retracted position of the second projecting portion. The second projecting portion has a cam face for creating outward propelling force when two of the second projecting portions axially bear with each other.

Abstract: A transaction processing system capable of easily and efficiently realizing the file update processing by a plurality of transactions operating in parallel as well as the recovery processing at a time of a fault occurrence is disclosed. In the transaction processing system, a plurality of transactions that carry out update processing with respect to one file read out onto a buffer region are executed, and that one file is written into a stable memory device at a time of commit of one transaction among the plurality of transactions, where that one file contains a content of committed updates made by that one transaction and a content of non-committed updates made by other non-committed transactions, and information for cancelling the non-committed updates.

Abstract: A click-type writing implement with reduced diameter by suppressed swerving of writing element during advancing and with improved easiness of assembling and improved ornamental appearance, comprising manipulator pieces on outside; actuator pieces respectively advanced or retracted by the manipulator pieces; a main shaft arranging writing elements as forward and rearward slidable; springs respectively applying rearward stress on the actuator pieces. The each actuator piece has a first and second projecting portions, which protrude laterally respectively at forefront portion and at a rearward portion distanced from the forefront portion. The main shaft has an inner face comprised of a small-internal-diameter portion in vicinity of rearmost retracted position of the second projecting portion. The second projecting portion has a cam face for creating outward propelling force when two of the second projecting portions axially bear with each other.

Abstract: The system and method store data into disk devices without loss of data, even when write requests having time limits are concentrated on a specific disk. When a write request for a given disk device is issued, if it is determined that some of this write request and other access requests having time limits for this disk device would not be executed within the respective time limits, the system writes the data temporarily into another disk device.

Abstract: A mechanical pencil in which the lead is advanced by squeezing a cylindrical depression member provided at the position of the writer's fingers during normal writing operations. The pencil includes a hollow body with front and rear axial sleeves. A chuck is disposed within the pencil body which has a resiliency which urges the chuck to open outwardly at the front end thereof. A slider including a lead holding member for lightly holding the lead is slidably positioned at the tip of the front axial sleeve. Means is provided for transmitting movement from the depression member, which is formed of a resilient material flush with the cylindrical surface of the pencil body, for transmitting movement from the depression member to the chuck. A lead casing means is disposed in the rear axial sleeve which in some embodiments has the dual function of transmitting movement from a push button provided at the rear of the pencil to the chuck for advancing the lead in a conventional manner.

Abstract: Mechanical pencil construction wherein the operational movements to advance the lead are accomplished by providing one or more elastically deformable ribs or spring biased cam members that extend outwardly through axial slots in the pencil body in the normal finger gripping area. The radially inward depression of such ribs or cam members by the writer's fingers is converted to axial motion within the pencil, to thereby effect the necessary lead gripping and advancing operations.

Abstract: A mechanical pencil having a main hollow body including a first body member and a second body member with a mouth opening at an end and the first body member being rotatable with respect to the second body member and the first and second body members engaged with each other. A slider is retractable from the opening of the main hollow body and has a lead retainer for frictionally gripping lead and a lead case containing extra leads therein is disposed to the rear and is so biased. A lead gripping chuck is connected at the rear end thereof to said lead case and chuck tightening mechanism receives and tightens the chuck and advancing the chuck relative to the mechanism to supply a new lead having a predetermined length from the opening of the slider. The rotational movement of the first body member is transferred to reciprocating movement of the chuck tightening mechanism so that a new lead is supplied from the opening of the main hollow body by the rotation of the first body member.

Abstract: A method of centering a hollow cylindrical piece of work comprises measuring the outside and inside diameters and contours of the work by means of outside- and inside-diameter-measuring instruments relative to the common centerline of the instruments taken as the virtual center of the work, inputting the measured values with corrections made for any deflection of the work and for any error arising from the instruments, to an electronic computer, and allowing the computer to memorize the information and operate to find the real center of the hollow cylindrical work on the basis of the stored information, whereby the location of the real center and machining allowances necessary for obtaining a product finished to the desired contours can be be computed.

Abstract: A retractable pen includes a slide cylinder (1) axially coupled to a push tube (17) and slidably but non-rotatably disposed in a surrounding body cylinder (25) and biased toward a retracted position therein by an internal spring (24). The front end of the slide cylinder defines an axially offset open hole (3) and an internal blind hole (3'), and a refill cartridge (8) having an axially offset writing tip (9) and a support tube 11 axially coupled to the cartridge are disposed within the slide cylinder/push tube unit and rotatably but non-slidably coupled to the body cylinder. A grooved cam wall (5) and axially spaced cam ring (16) on the inner surface of the slide cylinder cooperate with cam followers (13) on the outer surface of the support tube, whereby the depression and release of the push tube sequentially effects the extension of the slide cylinder, the 180.degree.