Abstract: A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive information indicating characteristic(s) associated with a remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive configuration information associated with the relay WTRU. The relay WTRU may determine whether a remote WTRU is supported by the neighbor cell. The determination may be based on whether the characteristic(s) associated with the remote WTRU are supported by the neighbor cell. The relay WTRU may determine a behavior of relay WTRU based at least the configuration information and the percentage of remote WTRU(S) that is supported by the neighbor cell. The determined behavior may be associated with the neighbor cell. In examples, the determined behavior of the relay WTRU may be based on the percentage of remote WTRU(s) that is supported by the neighbor cell being above or below a threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods performed by a first network node arranged as an ancestor node of a second network node in an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) network. Such methods include determining that the second network node is migrating from a first centralized unit (CU) to a second CU and, based on determining that the second network node is migrating from the first CU to the second CU, performing modified handling of buffered data associated with the second network node, including at least one of the following: uplink (UL) data buffered at the first network node, downlink (DL) data buffered at the first network node, and UL data buffered at one or more child nodes of the first network node. Other embodiments include complementary methods for a first CU, as well as network nodes (e.g., IAB nodes, distributed units, CUs) configured to perform such methods.

Abstract: A wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to perform one or more actions. The WTRU may receive positioning configuration information. The positioning configuration information may include an indication of one or more positioning delegation candidates for the WTRU and an indication of one or more conditions for starting or stopping positioning delegation. The WTRU may detect that a condition for starting positioning delegation has been satisfied for at least one of the positioning delegation candidates. The WTRU may send an indication to a network device that the WTRU is using at least one positioning delegation candidate which has satisfied conditions. The WTRU may detect that a condition for stopping positioning delegation has been satisfied for at least one positioning delegation candidate. The WTRU may send an indication to the network device that the WTRU has stopped using at least one positioning delegation candidate for positioning.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus for a mobility action in IAB in wireless communication networks. A method implemented in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) may comprises the steps of: determining traffic load information associated with a parent node; measuring received power of candidate parent nodes; selecting a candidate parent node based on the measured received power; performing a mobility action to the selected candidate parent node based on the determined traffic load information; and transmitting, to a child node, a message, the message comprising an information indicating the selected candidate.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and procedures for scheduling of multipath relays in wireless communications are disclosed. For example, a method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes determining that data to be transmitted has a priority greater than a priority threshold; determining timing information associated with a selected set of resources for transmitting the data, and the timing information indicates a time resource for transmitting the data is less than a time resource threshold; transmitting, to a network entity, a first message including information indicating a buffer status associated with the data and the timing information associated with the selected set of resources; and transmitting, to a relay WTRU on a sidelink transmission, a second message including information indicating the buffer status.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a WTRU configured to receive configuration information indicating a trigger condition for measurements to be performed while operating in a first activity level, receive an indication to transition from operating in a second activity level to operating in the first activity level, perform measurements, while operating in the first activity level, responsive to a predicted fulfillment of the trigger condition, and transmit a report based on the measurements responsive to transitioning to the second activity level. For example, a WTRU can be configured to perform UL/DL traffic prediction and early measurements while in an IDLE/INACTIVE state, and to transmit a report based on the measurements responsive to transitioning to a CONNECTED state. The report may include measurements performed and/or indicate whether a CA/DC configuration would allow the WTRU to fulfill UL/DL traffic demands. The WTRU also may refrain from performing the measurements and/or including the measurement report.

Abstract: A device may transmit data to a first parent node via a first link and to a second parent node via a second link. The device may receive configuration information indicating at least one of: a first buffer threshold associated with a first remaining packet delay budget (PDB), a second buffer threshold associated with a second remaining PDB, or a remaining PDB threshold. The device may receive a packet and may determine a remaining PDB. The device may select a buffer threshold based on the configuration information and the determined remaining PDB. If an amount of data in an uplink (UL) buffer is equal to or above the selected buffer threshold, the device may transmit the packet via a first available link. If the determined remaining PDB is less than the remaining PDB threshold, the device may transmit the packet via both the first link and the second link.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, a method in a network node for performing a group handover comprises receiving an indication to perform a bearer context operation on a plurality of bearer contexts and performing the indicated bearer operation on the plurality of bearer contexts.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a set of channel state information (CSI) report configurations that may be associated with one or more functionalities associated with an AIML model. The WTRU may determine, based on one or more conditions, that a first functionality of the one or more functionalities is non-applicable. The WTRU may transmit a first indication (e.g., via MAC-CE) that the first functionality is non-applicable to the network. The WTRU may start a timer upon determining that the first functionality is non-applicable. The WTRU may transmit one or more CSI reports that include predicted (e.g., inaccurate). The WTRU may determine that the timer has expired, and may transmit a second indication (e.g., via RRC) that the functionality is non-applicable. The WTRU may receive an indication to fallback to non-AIML operation and/or an indication to use an applicable second functionality of the one or more functionalities.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for measurement of aperiodic reference signals. A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, performs measurements of at least one periodic reference signal to obtain first measurement results, upon reception of information indicative of presence of at least one aperiodic reference signal, performs measurements of at least one periodic reference signal and the at least one aperiodic reference signal to obtain second measurement results, and based on the second measurement results and second measurement quality evaluation criteria, performs at least one of preparing for handover or executing handover.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprises a processor configured to send capability information related to radio link failure (RLF) prediction. The capability information may be based on an artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) model. The processor may receive configuration information associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) and RLF detection and prediction, receive second configuration information associated with a dual active protocol stack (DAPS) handover configuration to one or more candidate cells, predict RLF of a serving cell at a predicted RLF time, determine a target cell, initiate a DAPS handover with the target cell using the DAPS configuration corresponding with the target cell and while maintaining a connection with the serving cell, detect a RLF of the serving cell at the predicted RLF time or within a time window that includes the predicted RFL time, and finalize the DAPS handover to the target cell.

Abstract: A WTRU may send an indication to a network entity. The indication may include an indication that the WTRU is configured to support WTRU configuration adaptation related to one or more communication capabilities. The WTRU may receive a plurality of configurations. The plurality of configurations may be associated with the one or more communication capabilities. The WTRU may apply a first configuration associated with the one or more communication capabilities. The WTRU may determine to change the first configuration based on a change in a WTRU status, for example by at least a threshold amount. The WTRU status may be associated with one or more of power and/or processing resources. The WTRU may apply a second configuration based on the determination to change the first configuration. The WTRU may send an indication that the second configuration has been applied to the network entity.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to perform measurements and measurement predictions in an idle state or an inactive state (e.g., low-power operation mode). The WTRU may perform measurements for the configured idle measurement durations. If the WTRU stays in the idle state or the inactive state for more than a validity duration after it has stopped performing measurements, the WTRU may perform measurement predictions. Upon transitioning to a CONNECTED state (full-power operation mode), the WTRU may report the actual measurements, if they are still valid, or otherwise, report the predicted measurements.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a message from a first cell. The message may include a list of one or more cells, information associated with applicability of one or more artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) operations, and/or a bias to apply to measurements during cell reselection. The bias may be associated with prioritizing cells in which the WTRU is able to continue one or more AI/ML operations. The WTRU may apply the bias to measurements performed on the second cell based on one or more of the second cell being indicated by the network or the information associated with applicability of the one or more AI/ML operations of the second cell being the same as information associated with applicability of the one or more AI/ML operations of the first cell. The WTRU may reselect to the second cell based on the biased measurements.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprises a processor configured to send capability information related to radio link failure (RLF) prediction based on an artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) model, receive configuration information associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) and RLF detection and prediction, wherein the configuration information comprises an early synchronization configuration associated with a target cell for RLF recovery. The processor may predict radio link failure of a serving cell of the WTRU at a predicted RLF time, perform early synchronization with the target cell based on the early synchronization configuration, detect a RLF of the serving cell at the predicted RLF time or within a time window that includes the predicted RFL time, and perform a recovery of a connection via the target cell.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive information that indicates: a radio bearer of a first radio bearer type associated with a control plane; a radio bearer of a second radio bearer type associated with a user plane; and a condition associated with sending data associated with an artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)-related operation. The WTRU may receive an indication to start the AI/ML-related operation. The WTRU may determine that the data associated with the AI/ML-related operation is available. The WTRU may select, based on at least the condition, a radio bearer type, from the first radio bearer type and the second radio bearer type, to use to send the data. The WTRU may send at least a portion of the data via a radio bearer of the selected radio bearer type.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), which include one or more processors, may be configured to receive a configuration to activate one or more artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) functionalities and to receive conditional handover (CHO) configurations to one or more candidate cells, and a plurality of signal level thresholds associated with the serving cell. The WTRU may be configured to compare the serving cell signal level with each of the plurality of serving cell signal level thresholds and determine applicabilities of each of the one or more AI/ML functionalities for the CHO configurations based on the comparisons between the serving cell signal level and each of the one or more serving cell signal level thresholds.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may comprise a processor. The processor may be configured to handle data collection procedures, wherein the data has more than one priority associated with it. For example, the WTRU may be configured to collect data for a first data collection and a second data collection, wherein the first data collection is associated with a first priority and the second data collection is associated with a second priority. The WTRU may make and store measurements for each data collection. The WTRU may store the measurements in a buffer and may mark the data with the appropriate priority. The WTRU may detect when the buffer is full and perform buffer management, for example, by deleting data of lower priority, and/or reporting data.

Abstract: A method may be performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), including receiving a configuration message. The configuration message may include an indication to suspend an artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) configuration related to an AI/ML operation, conditions to maintain a suspended AI/ML configuration, and conditions to restore the suspended AI/ML configuration upon transition to a first state. The AI/ML configuration may be suspended when the WTRU is in a second state. The suspended AI/ML configuration may be maintained when in the second state. It may be determined that the suspended AI/ML configuration can be restored upon transition back to the first state based on the one or more conditions. An indication may be sent to the network that indicates that the suspended AI/ML configuration can be restored. An indication that the WTRU should resume the AI/ML operation according to the restored AI/ML configuration may be received.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information for a first cell and/or a second cell. The configuration information may comprise first and/or second network side conditions associated with the first cell and/or second cell. The WTRU may determine an applicability of an artificial intelligence or a machine learning (AI/ML) model to the first cell based on the first network side conditions associated with the first cell, and/or applicability of the AI/ML model to the second cell based on the second network side conditions associated with the second cell. The WTRU may send a first indication to a network device. The indication may indicate the applicability of the AI/ML model to the first cell and/or the applicability of the AI/ML model to the second cell. The WTRU may receive a reference AI/ML configuration for the AI/ML model for the first cell and/or for the second cell.