Abstract: In some embodiments, an electrochromic pixel includes a first electrode having a first electrical lead facilitating a power supply connection and a second electrode having a second electrical lead facilitating the power supply connection. The electrochromic pixel further includes an electrolyte electrically connecting the first and second electrodes, and xanthommatin (Xa), or a derivative or precursor thereof, such that an electrical potential applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is configured to cause an oxidation or reduction of the xanthommatin (Xa), or a derivative or precursor thereof, thereby providing a change in reflected visible color of the Xa, or a derivative or precursor thereof.

Abstract: A bioactive coated substrate includes a base substrate, a bioactive metal-containing layer disposed over the base substrate, and an electroplated chromium layer disposed on the bioactive metal-containing layer. The electroplated chromium layer defines a plurality of cracks or pores that expose the bioactive metal-containing layer.

Abstract: An electrode for an ozone generator or chlorine generator includes an electrically conductive substrate, a doped-Si layer disposed over the conductive substrate, and a boron-doped diamond (BDD) layer disposed over the doped-silicon layer. The doped-silicon layer defines a discrete architecture that maintains adhesion throughout a high temperature CVD boron-doped diamond process. Another electrode having a PVD nitrogen-doped diamond (ta-C:N) layer disposed over a conductive substrate is also provided.

Abstract: An electrode for an ozone generator or chlorine generator includes an electrically conductive substrate, a doped-Si layer disposed over the conductive substrate, and a boron-doped diamond (BDD) layer disposed over the doped-silicon layer. The doped-silicon layer defines a discrete architecture that maintains adhesion throughout a high temperature CVD boron-doped diamond process. Another electrode having a PVD nitrogen-doped diamond (ta-C:N) layer disposed over a conductive substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A coating system includes a vacuum chamber and a coating assembly. The coating assembly has a coating assembly which includes a vapor source, a substrate holder to hold substrates to be coated such that the substrates are positioned in front of the vapor source, a primary cathodic vacuum-arc assembly, a remote anode electrically coupled to the cathode target, a primary power supply connected between the cathode target and the primary anode, and a secondary power supply connected between the cathode target and the remote anode. The primary cathodic vacuum-arc assembly includes a cathode chamber assembly, a cathode target, an optional primary anode and a shield which isolates the cathode target from the vacuum chamber. The shield defines openings for transmitting either electron emission current or metal vapor plasma from the cathode target into the vacuum chamber. The vapor source is positioned between the cathode chamber assembly and the remote anode.

Abstract: An electrode for an ozone generator or chlorine generator includes an electrically conductive substrate, a doped-Si layer disposed over the conductive substrate, and a boron-doped diamond (BDD) layer disposed over the doped-silicon layer. The doped-silicon layer defines a discrete architecture that maintains adhesion throughout a high temperature CVD boron-doped diamond process. Another electrode having a PVD nitrogen-doped diamond (ta-C:N) layer disposed over a conductive substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A multi-layer vapor deposited protective and decorative coating a polymeric basecoat layer wherein the polymer of the basecoat layer is cured at subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A multi-layer vapor deposited protective and decorative coating including a polymeric basecoat layer wherein the polymer of the basecoat layer is cured at subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A multi-layer coating including a polymeric basecoat layer wherein the polymer of the basecoat layer is cured at subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating. The coating contains a polymeric basecoat layer containing (i) an epoxy urethane resin or (ii) the reaction products of a polyamine and an epoxy urethane resin. Over the polymeric basecoat layer is a vapor deposited chromium, chromium compound, refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound decorative and protective layer.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer protective and decorative coating. The coating comprises a polymeric basecoat layer on the surface of said article, vapor deposited on the polymeric layer a stack layer comprised of alternating layers of refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound alternating with refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, and vapor deposited on said stack layer a refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound color layer.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating. The coating contains a polymeric basecoat layer containing (i) an epoxy urethane resin or (ii) the reaction products of a polyamine and an epoxy urethane resin. Over the polymeric basecoat layer is a vapor deposited chromium, chromium compound, refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound decorative and protective layer.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer color and protective coating. The coating comprises a polymeric basecoat layer on the surface of said article and vapor deposited on the polymeric layer a refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound color and protective layer.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer protective and decorative coating. The coating comprises a polymeric basecoat layer on the surface of said article, vapor deposited on the polymeric layer a stack layer comprised of alternating layers of refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound alternating with refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, and vapor deposited on said stack layer a refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound color layer.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer protective and decorative coating. The coating comprises a polymeric basecoat layer comprised of (i) an epoxy urethane, or (ii) the reaction products of an epoxy urethane resin and a polyamine on the surface of said article, vapor deposited on the polymeric layer is a stack layer comprised of alternating layers of refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound alternating with refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, and vapor deposited on said stack layer is a refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound color layer.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a polymeric layer; a chromium compound, preferably chromium nitride layer; a sandwich layer comprised of a plurality of alternating layers comprised of refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound alternating with layers comprised of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy; a color layer comprised of chromium, metal compound or metal alloy compound; and (i) a metal oxide or metal alloy oxide layer or (ii) a layer comprised of the reaction products of metal or metal alloy, oxygen and nitrogen. The coating provides abrasion protection, corrosion protection, and improved chemical resistance.

Abstract: An article having on at least a portion of its surface a multi-layer coating comprising (i) a polymeric base coat, a chrome adhesion promoting layer, a chromium compound layer, and a layer comprised of a metal compound or metal alloy compound; or (ii) a polymeric base coat, a chromium compound layer, and a layer comprised of a metal compound or metal alloy compound. The layers comprised of chrome, chromium compound and metal compound or metal alloy compound are deposited by vapor deposition, preferably physical vapor deposition.