Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing N-alkyl(meth)acrylamides by reacting (meth)acrylic anhydride with corresponding alkylamines.

Abstract: A method of operating a drive-train of a hybrid vehicle which comprises at least a hybrid drive with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, an automatic or automated change-speed transmission connected between the hybrid drive and a drive output, and a clutch connected between the internal combustion engine and the electric machine. When starting the internal combustion engine from a purely electric driving mode, the clutch is initially disengaged. To start the internal combustion engine, the clutch is at least partially engaged and the internal combustion engine is drag-started by the electric machine, and, in parallel with starting the internal combustion engine, a downshift in the transmission is initiated once a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine reaches or exceeds an applicable threshold value.

Abstract: A method of operating a vehicle hybrid drive-train in which, depending on the operating situation, the engine and electric machine either operate individually or together. The engine and the electric machine can be coupled or separated by a clutch. The engine can be started by the electric machine or a separate starting device. To co-ordinate transmission shifts and required engine starts, during a transmission shifting process, if the engine needs to be started, then based on whether the shift is an upshift, a downshift, a traction shift or an overdrive shift and also depending on the type of engine start required, it is first determined whether the shift should be completed, at least partially completed or discontinued before carrying out the start and, based on this determination, measures for continuing, at least partially continuing or discontinuing the shift process are initiated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for reclaiming methacrylic acid from a high-boiler phase in a heterogeneously catalysed gas phase oxidation of a C4-compound to methacrylic acid comprising the following steps a) Providing a high-boiler phase from a heterogeneously catalysed gas phase oxidation of a C4-compound to methacrylic acid b) Providing an aqueous phase, preferably organically loaded, from a heterogeneously catalysed gas phase oxidation of a C4-compound to methacrylic acid c) Mixing of components a) and b) optionally followed by filtration or centrifugation d) Adding an extraction media to the mixture from c) e) Subjecting the multiple-phase mixture from d) to at least one mixer-settler extraction process f) Recycling the organic phase from the last mixer-settler process back into the C4-process

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing N-alkyl(meth)acrylamides by reacting (meth)acrylic anhydride with corresponding alkylamines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for reclaiming methacrylic acid from a high-boiler phase in a heterogeneously catalysed gas phase oxidation of a C4-compound to methacrylic acid comprising the following steps a) Providing a high-boiler phase from a heterogeneously catalysed gas phase oxidation of a C4-compound to methacrylic acid b) Providing an aqueous phase, preferably organically loaded, from a heterogeneously catalysed gas phase oxidation of a C4-compound to methacrylic acid c) Mixing of components a) and b) optionally followed by filtration or centrifugation d) Adding an extraction media to the mixture from c) e) Subjecting the multiple-phase mixture from d) to at least one mixer-settler extraction process f) Recycling the organic phase from the last mixer-settler process back into the C4-process.

Abstract: A method of operating a vehicle hybrid drive-train in which, depending on the operating situation, the engine and electric machine either operate individually or together. The engine and the electric machine can be coupled or separated by a clutch. The engine can be started by the electric machine or a separate starting device. To co-ordinate transmission shifts and required engine starts, during a transmission shifting process, if the engine needs to be started, then based on whether the shift is an upshift, a downshift, a traction shift or an overdrive shift and also depending on the type of engine start required, it is first determined whether the shift should be completed, at least partially completed or discontinued before carrying out the start and, based on this determination, measures for continuing, at least partially continuing or discontinuing the shift process are initiated.

Abstract: A method of operating a drive-train of a hybrid vehicle which comprises at least a hybrid drive with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, an automatic or automated change-speed transmission connected between the hybrid drive and a drive output, and a clutch connected between the internal combustion engine and the electric machine. When starting the internal combustion engine from a purely electric driving mode, the clutch is initially disengaged. To start the internal combustion engine, the clutch is at least partially engaged and the internal combustion engine is drag-started by the electric machine, and, in parallel with starting the internal combustion engine, a downshift in the transmission is initiated once a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine reaches or exceeds an applicable threshold value.