Abstract: A self-assembled metal mesh transparent conductive film and the method of fabricating the same are provided in the present invention. Some key aspects of the present invention are as follows: 1) to control the opening size in self-assembled metal mesh transparent conductive film; 2) to tune the surface energy of substrate using surface treatment; 3) to improve transparency of metal mesh by low-temperature method such as chemical etching; 4) to increase the conductivity of metal mesh without high temperature annealing; and 5) to strengthen the metal mesh film by post-treatment. The transparent conductive film of the present invention can be formed on rigid or flexible substrates. The present method enables tuning the transparency and conductance of the metal mesh film through tuning the opening size of metal mesh, and is also cost-effective due to low process cost and high material utilization rate.

Abstract: To fabricate a perovskite solar cell (PSC), a printable carbon electrode is formed on an uppermost layer, either a perovskite layer or an interface layer thereon, of a partially-completed PSC. A carbon ink is first prepared by dispersing carbon materials in a mixture of a polymer binder and a solvent. Then the carbon ink is screen-printed on the uppermost layer to form a wet film thereon. The wet film is baked with a baking temperature not exceeding 100° C. to evaporate the solvent to form the carbon electrode. Advantageously, the wet film is pressed with a pressure during baking such that the carbon electrode becomes denser and yields a lower sheet resistance when compared to one formed without being pressed. Preferably the pressure is at least 16,000 Pa. Experimental results show that the percentage reduction of sheet resistance can reach 40%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to newly functionalized polythiophenes and the syntheses thereof. The present invention also demonstrates that the new polythiophenes and their derivatives are suitable for fabricating organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), light emitting diodes (PLEDs), organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) and conducting polymers for printed electronic devices.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to a method for determining peer status in a pseudowire (PW) node, the method including: sending a first PW status request message to a peer node including a PW node local message ID, PW node remote message ID, and request flag; starting a first retry timer; starting a second retry timer when the first retry timer expires and no response to the first PW status request message is received; starting a first request timer when the second retry timer expires and no response to the first PW status request message is received; and starting a third retry timer when the first request timer expires and no response to the first PW status request message is received.

Abstract: Methods, system and apparatus for determining shortest path bridging (SPB) within a communications network.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of producing a p-type light-absorbing semiconductor copper zinc tin selenide/sulfide (Cu2(ZnxSn2-x)(SySe1-y)4) (abbreviated CZTS) with electrochemical deposition. It can be used in the production of solar cell when combined with an n-type inorganic or an organic semiconductor layer. The present method comprises a one-step or a sequence of depositions using electroplating to fabricate a low-cost and large-area CZTS solar cell, without using expensive and complicated deposition techniques or highly toxic and flammable chemicals in the production process. The present method significantly reduces the cost and energy requirement for production of solar cell.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to an operational group in a network element of a communication network, where the operational group is associated with monitored objects and monitoring client objects such that the status of the operational group is a function of the operational status of the monitored objects or services. Monitoring client objects can monitor the status of the operational group such that the status of each of the monitoring client objects reflects the status of the operational group.

Abstract: Providing gateway redundancy is disclosed. On each of a master and a standby gateway a single IP routing redundancy protocol instance is associated with a plurality of subscriber subnets. On each gateway, the respective single IP routing redundancy protocol instance is used to provide gateway redundancy for the plurality of subscriber subnets.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to a method for determining peer status in a pseudowire (PW) node, the method including: sending a first PW status request message to a peer node including a PW node local message ID, PW node remote message ID, and request flag; starting a first retry timer; starting a second retry timer when the first retry timer expires and no response to the first PW status request message is received; starting a first request timer when the second retry timer expires and no response to the first PW status request message is received; and starting a third retry timer when the first request timer expires and no response to the first PW status request message is received.

Abstract: The present invention relates to newly functionalized polythiophenes and the syntheses thereof. The present invention also demonstrates that the new polythiophenes and their derivatives are suitable for fabricating organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), light emitting diodes (PLEDs), organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) and conducting polymers for printed electronic devices.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of producing a p-type light-absorbing semiconductor copper zinc tin selenide/sulfide (Cu2(ZnxSn2-x)(SySe1-y)4) (abbreviated CZTS) with electrochemical deposition. It can be used in the production of solar cell when combined with an n-type inorganic or an organic semiconductor layer. The present method comprises a one-step or a sequence of depositions using electroplating to fabricate a low-cost and large-area CZTS solar cell, without using expensive and complicated deposition techniques or highly toxic and flammable chemicals in the production process. The present method significantly reduces the cost and energy requirement for production of solar cell.

Abstract: Methods, system and apparatus for determining shortest path bridging (SPB) within a communications network.

Abstract: A technique for operating a network involves controlling the black-holing of traffic by selectively redirecting unicast traffic destined for a dual-homed customer equipment (CE) device from a first provider backbone bridge (PBB) provider edge (PE) device to a second PBB PE device in response to a service failure. Unicast traffic is selectively redirected from the first PBB PE device to the second PBB PE device for a time interval that is long enough to enable the customer source MAC address (CMAC)-to-backbone MAC address (BMAC) association of the second PBB PE device to be learned by other PBB PE devices.

Abstract: Providing gateway redundancy is disclosed. On each of a master and a standby gateway a single IP routing redundancy protocol instance is associated with a plurality of subscriber subnets. On each gateway, the respective single IP routing redundancy protocol instance is used to provide gateway redundancy for the plurality of subscriber subnets.

Abstract: Providing gateway redundancy is disclosed. On each of a master and a standby gateway a single IP routing redundancy protocol instance is associated with a plurality of subscriber subnets. On each gateway, the respective single IP routing redundancy protocol instance is used to provide gateway redundancy for the plurality of subscriber subnets.

Abstract: Methods, system and apparatus for determining shortest path bridging (SPB) of multicast frames within a communications network.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to an operational group in a network element of a communication network, where the operational group is associated with monitored objects and monitoring client objects such that the status of the operational group is a function of the operational status of the monitored objects or services. Monitoring client objects can monitor the status of the operational group such that the status of each of the monitoring client objects reflects the status of the operational group.