Abstract: An NIR analyzer with the optical probes across a pipe, or in a bypass configuration, after a stabilizer in an oil or condensate production plant. Prior to use, liquid samples from the plant are analyzed in a chemical lab to obtain reference vapor pressure or compositional values. A chemometric model using known techniques is then built with the captured absorption spectra and the reference lab results. Preprocessing methodologies can be used to help mitigate interferences of the fluid, instrument drift, and contaminate build up on the lenses in contact with the fluid. The chemometric model is implemented through the NIR analyzer as the calibration curve to predict the vapor pressure or other values of the flowing fluid in real time.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a shrink film comprising a polyester composition comprising: (1) at least one polyester which comprises: (a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising: (i) about 70 to about 100 mole % of terephthalic acid residues; (ii) about 0 to about 30 mole % of aromatic and/or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 20 carbon atoms; and (b) a diol component comprising: (i) about 0.01 to about 30 mole % neopentyl glycol residues; (ii) about 0.01 to about less than 15 mole % 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues; (iii) about 50 to 90 mole % ethylene glycol residues; and (iv) about 2 to 15 mole % total diethylene glycol residues in the final polyester composition; wherein the total mole % of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and wherein the total mole % of the diol component is 100 mole %.

Abstract: A system and method for encapsulating commercially significant attributes of a hydrocarbon product into a single digital signature are presented. The digital signature may be generated from a physical product sample using optical techniques such as NIR spectroscopy. Digital signatures may be expressed in the form of composition, principle components derived from the spectra, or other properties derived from the original spectra which characterize, and help visualize, the variation present within the signals. Other physical property measurements and contaminant measurements may also be included in the digital signature and may be derived from the same measurement device or separate measurement devices whose output is integrated into a single digital signature. Embodiments of the invention may be used to confirm the identity of a hydrocarbon product, or to verify the composition of a hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: A system of spectroscopic devices deployed amongst the fluid infrastructure of hydrocarbon fluids are described herein. The devices provide early visibility into the characteristics of those fluids which inform and educate downstream parties of the potential value of the fluid, or the opportunity to reblend or redirect the fluid to optimize the formulization. By allowing downstream parties to determine the quality and quantity of refined products at an early stage, they are better able to determine the true value of the fluid. The data from the distributed network of spectroscopic analyzers provides valuation information that can be used to make more informed purchasing decisions or allow processors to create blends that optimize the efficiency of refining operations.

Abstract: A fluid sample is analysed in-line by OCT techniques. The density, size, velocity and other attributes of particles present in a fluid, oil, for example, that is flowing through a conduit.

Abstract: An NIR analyzer with the optical probes across a pipe, or in a bypass configuration, after a stabilizer in an oil or condensate production plant. Prior to use, liquid samples from the plant are analyzed in a chemical lab to obtain reference vapor pressure or compositional values. A chemometric model using known techniques is then built with the captured absorption spectra and the reference lab results. Preprocessing methodologies can be used to help mitigate interferences of the fluid, instrument drift, and contaminate build up on the lenses in contact with the fluid. The chemometric model is implemented through the NIR analyzer as the calibration curve to predict the vapor pressure or other values of the flowing fluid in real time.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing downhole analysis within a well bore employ a swept source laser that can be sent downhole to generate high resolution images of the well bore. Various embodiments can also determine other physical properties of a below ground structure. The swept source lasers can create images using low-coherence interferometry or optical coherence tomography. Systems and methods may also be used to determine fluid flow rates towards the sensor at discrete points, such as individual perforations, by measuring the Doppler effect on the light back-scattered from the fluid. Fluid flow information could also be extracted by measuring the phase shift of the light between subsequent light scans if a phase sensitive detection scheme is utilized.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing downhole analysis within a well bore employ a swept source laser that can be sent downhole to generate high resolution images of the well bore. Various embodiments can also determine other physical properties of a below ground structure. The swept source lasers can create images using low-coherence interferometry or optical coherence tomography. Systems and methods may also be used to determine fluid flow rates towards the sensor at discrete points, such as individual perforations, by measuring the Doppler effect on the light back-scattered from the fluid. Fluid flow information could also be extracted by measuring the phase shift of the light between subsequent light scans if a phase sensitive detection scheme is utilized.

Abstract: An NIR analyzer with the optical probes across a pipe, or in a bypass configuration, after a stabilizer in an oil or condensate production plant. Prior to use, liquid samples from the plant are analyzed in a chemical lab to obtain reference vapor pressure or compositional values. A chemometric model using known techniques is then built with the captured absorption spectra and the reference lab results. Preprocessing methodologies can be used to help mitigate interferences of the fluid, instrument drift, and contaminate build up on the lenses in contact with the fluid. The chemometric model is implemented through the NIR analyzer as the calibration curve to predict the vapor pressure or other values of the flowing fluid in real time.

Abstract: A chemical composition analyzer may be used to optically determine and report chemical compositions associated with gases within a gas collection and transmission infrastructure. This analyzer includes a number of optical sensors which may be used to perform spectroscopic spectrographic analysis in order to determine the chemical composition of the gas. Additionally other sensors may be used to measure other physical properties associated with the gas. These sensors are tied to a data collection system wherein the output of the optical sensors and sensors used to measure the physical properties of the gas may be combined and processed in order to determine in a nearly continuous fashion the chemical composition associated with the gas at various locations within the gas collection and transmission infrastructure. This real time compositional analysis may be used to determine valuations of the gas or to optimize other processes or equipment configurations.

Abstract: An NIR analyzer with the optical probes across a pipe, or in a bypass configuration, after a stabilizer in an oil or condensate production plant. Prior to use, liquid samples from the plant are analyzed in a chemical lab to obtain reference vapor pressure or compositional values. A chemometric model using known techniques is then built with the captured absorption spectra and the reference lab results. Preprocessing methodologies can be used to help mitigate interferences of the fluid, instrument drift, and contaminate build up on the lenses in contact with the fluid. The chemometric model is implemented through the NIR analyzer as the calibration curve to predict the vapor pressure or other values of the flowing fluid in real time.

Abstract: Methods and systems for real time, in situ monitoring and blending of hydrocarbon fluids from multiple transmission lines feeding into a downstream line or vessel are described. The method and system include the scanning of the NIR range on fluids within each of at least two transmission lines. The spectroscopic optical data from the two scans is used to determine flow rates of the fluids from each transmission line to, for example, achieve a desired energy content, physical properties, or speciation in the blended fluid.

Abstract: A chemical composition analyzer may be used to optically determine and report chemical compositions associated with natural gases within a gas collection and transmission infrastructure. This analyzer includes a number of optical sensors which may be used to perform spectroscopic spectrographic analysis in order to determine the chemical composition of the natural gas. Additionally other sensors may be used to measure other physical properties associated with the natural gas. These sensors are tied to a data collection system wherein the output of the optical sensors and sensors used to measure the physical properties of the natural gas may be combined and processed in order to determine in a nearly continuous fashion the chemical composition associated with the natural gas at various locations within the gas collection and transmission infrastructure. This real time compositional analysis may be used to determine valuations of the gas or to optimize other processes or equipment configurations.

Abstract: Capture compounds and collections thereof and methods using the compounds for the analysis of biomolecules are provided. In particular, collections, compounds and methods are provided for analyzing complex protein mixtures, such as the proteome. The compounds are multifunctional reagents that provide for the separation and isolation of complex protein mixtures. Automated systems for performing the methods also are provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems for real time, in situ monitoring of fluids, and particularly the determination of both the energy content and contaminants in a gas or oil transmission facility, are provided. The system may include two separate scanning sources to scan two different, but overlapping, NIR ranges, or may involve two separate scans from a single scanning spectroscopy source. The first scan ranges from approximately 1550 nm up through 1800 nm and a second scan concurrently scans at a high resolution across a band from approximately 1560-1610 nm, the wavelength of interest for hydrogen sulfide (though similar scans are contemplated in alternative wavelength ranges for alternative contaminants). The second scan may provide very narrow (0.005 nm) step resolution over just the wavelength of interest for the contaminant and may scan at a substantially higher power level.

Abstract: Disclosed are void-containing polyester shrink films which show excellent density retention upon exposures to high temperatures. The films have high shrinkage and retain their low density after processing under conditions of temperature and moisture used in typical recycling processes. The films are useful for sleeve label and other shrink film applications, and their lower density allows them to be readily separated from soft drink bottles, food containers and the like during recycling operations. Also disclosed is a process for void-containing polyester shrink films having high shrinkage and low density after exposure to elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Methods and systems for real time, in situ monitoring and blending of hydrocarbon fluids from multiple transmission lines feeding into a downstream line or vessel are described. The method and system include the scanning of the NIR range on fluids within each of at least two transmission lines. The spectroscopic optical data from the two scans is used to determine flow rates of the fluids from each transmission line to, for example, achieve a desired energy content, physical properties, or speciation in the blended fluid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for real time, in situ detection of a contaminant in a fluid, and particularly the determination of hydrogen sulfide concentration in a natural gas or other hydrocarbon stream, are provided. The system may include a scanning source with wavelength scanning range of 1560-1610 nm and wavelength resolution of 0.01 nm or better. The light from the scanning source is split to two portions: reference path to reference detector with no fluid in the transmission, and sample path to sample detector with fluid in the transmission. The major noise from the light source and transmitting optics is cancelled out by applying log ratio calculation to the two detector signals. The spectroscopic optical data, however obtained, must then be combined into an analytical processing module containing models that analyze the contaminant quantitative data.