Abstract: A method of genotyping includes applying a sample solution including a plurality of copies of a sample polynucleotide to an array of sensors. The sample polynucleotide includes a region associated with an allele. The method further includes measuring using a plurality of sensors of the array of sensors a characteristic of the region of the plurality of copies of the sample polynucleotide and determining using a computational circuitry and the measured characteristics a statistical value indicative of the allele.

Abstract: Biomolecular sensors and methods of manufacturing these sensors are provided. An exemplary sensor has a source electrode, a drain electrode spaced apart from the source electrode by a sensor gap, a gate electrode, wherein the source, drain and gate electrodes cooperate to form an electrode circuit, a bridge bridging across said sensor gap coupling the source and drain electrodes, and a probe coupled to the bridge, wherein the probe comprises nucleic acid and interaction of the nucleic acid probe with a target nucleic acid is detectable by monitoring at least one parameter of the electrode circuit. Methods of detecting a target nucleic acid are also provided. Preferred target nucleic acids that are detected are from pathogens, such as coronavirus.

Abstract: A sequencing device is disclosed. The sequence device includes an array of conducting electrode pairs, each pair of electrodes comprising a source and a drain electrode arrangement separated by a nanogap, the electrode array deposited and patterned on a dielectric substrate; at least one transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layer disposed on each pair of electrodes, wherein the TMD layer connects each source and drain electrode within each pair, and bridges each nanogap of each pair of electrodes; and a dielectric masking layer disposed on the TMD layer and comprising at least one opening that defines an exposed TMD region, wherein the at least one opening is sized so as to allow a single biomolecule to fit therein and to attach on to the exposed TMD region. In embodiments of the disclosure, the TMD layer be a defective TMD layer.

Abstract: A method of genotyping includes applying a sample solution including a plurality of copies of a sample polynucleotide to an array of sensors. The sample polynucleotide includes a region associated with an allele. The method further includes measuring using a plurality of sensors of the array of sensors a characteristic of the region of the plurality of copies of the sample polynucleotide and determining using a computational circuitry and the measured characteristics a statistical value indicative of the allele.

Abstract: Described herein is a portable virometer for detecting viral targets. An exemplary virometer has a molecular electronics sensor with a first electrode, a second electrode spaced-apart from the first electrode by a nanogap, a bridge molecule having a first end and a second end, the first end coupled to the first electrode and the second end coupled to the second electrode, a hybridization probe having an oligonucleotide sequence from or related to a viral target is conjugated to the bridge molecule, a sample applicator for acquiring a sample and transferring it to the chip, and data processing software and hardware for providing a report of detection of viral targets. Methods of using the virometer for testing in the home, in schools, in workplaces, in hotels, in restaurants, or in public places are also described.

Abstract: A processive enzyme molecular sensor for use in a DNA data storage system is disclosed that can extract digital information suitably encoded into a synthetic DNA molecule. In various aspects, such sensors are provided in a high-density chip-based format that can provide the high throughput, low-cost and fast data extraction capability required for large scale DNA data storage systems. The sensor for reading the digital data stored in DNA molecules processes individual encoded DNA molecules directly, eliminating the need for complicated sample preparation such as making copies of DNA or clonal populations of such molecules.

Abstract: New methods in nanolithography provide nanoscale structures usable in molecular electronic sensors, such as for nucleotide sequencing. In various embodiments, tunable nanopillars are grown in holes nanopatterned in a resist layer over pairs of electrodes, with the resulting nanopillars acting as vertical extensions of the electrodes buried underneath the resist layer. Exposed top surfaces of the nanopillars are limited in size, thus providing controlled binding of a single or at most just a few bridge molecules between nanopillars in a pair of nanopillars.

Abstract: In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and an enzyme molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the enzyme. In various examples, the enzyme is a polymerase. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the enzyme to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor, wherein electrical signals, such as changes to voltage, current, impedance, conductance, or resistance in the circuit, are measured as substrates interact with the enzyme.

Abstract: In various embodiments, amplification-free DNA information methods, apparatus and systems are disclosed. A method of amplification-free information storage and retrieval comprises encoding digital data such as binary into nucleotide sequence motifs using an encoding scheme, and synthesizing replicate DNA molecules using an amplification-free DNA writing process. The amplification-free process of decoding the information stored in the DNA comprises exposing at least one of the replicate DNA molecules to a molecular electronics sensor that generates distinguishable signals in a measured electrical parameter of the sensor, wherein the distinguishable signals correspond to the sequence motifs, providing decoding back to the digital data.

Abstract: In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and an enzyme molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the enzyme. In various examples, the enzyme is a polymerase. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the enzyme to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor, wherein electrical signals, such as changes to voltage, current, impedance, conductance, or resistance in the circuit, are measured as substrates interact with the enzyme.

Abstract: In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and an enzyme molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the enzyme. In various examples, the enzyme is a polymerase. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the enzyme to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor, wherein electrical signals, such as changes to voltage, current, impedance, conductance, or resistance in the circuit, are measured as substrates interact with the enzyme.

Abstract: In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and a binding probe molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the binding probe. In various examples, the binding probe is an antibody, the Fab domain of an antibody, a protein, a nucleic acid oligomer hybridization probe, or an aptamer. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the binding probe to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor wherein electrical signals, such as changes to voltage, current, impedance, conductance, or resistance in the circuit, are measured as targets interact with the binding probe. In various embodiments, the circuit provides a means to measure the presence, absence, or concentration of an analyte in a solution.

Abstract: In various embodiments, amplification-free DNA information methods, apparatus and systems are disclosed. A method of amplification-free information storage and retrieval comprises encoding digital data such as binary into nucleotide sequence motifs using an encoding scheme, and synthesizing replicate DNA molecules using an amplification-free DNA writing process. The amplification-free process of decoding the information stored in the DNA comprises exposing at least one of the replicate DNA molecules to a molecular electronics sensor that generates distinguishable signals in a measured electrical parameter of the sensor, wherein the distinguishable signals correspond to the sequence motifs, providing decoding back to the digital data.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an information storage system comprises: a writing device for synthesizing a nucleotide sequence that encodes a set of information; and a reading device for interpreting the nucleotide sequence by decoding the interpreted nucleotide sequence into the set of information, wherein the reading device comprises a molecular electronics sensor, the sensor comprising a pair of spaced apart electrodes and a molecular complex attached to each electrode to form a molecular electronics circuit, wherein the molecular complex comprises a bridge molecule and a probe molecule, and wherein the molecular electronics sensor produces distinguishable signals in a measurable electrical parameter of the molecular electronics sensor, when interpreting the nucleotide sequence.

Abstract: A hexagonal flow cell is configured with a CMOS sensor array to be integrated therein. Via use of the flow cell, improved DNA sequencing results may be achieved.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatus and systems for single-molecule biosensors having transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), Si or Si-semiconductor nanobridge for sequencing, information storage and reading. In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides nanofabrication of biomolecular sensing devices beginning with a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer and in general to the fabrication of biosensor devices for analyzing DNA and related biomolecules.

Abstract: In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and a binding probe molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the binding probe. In various examples, the binding probe is an antibody, the Fab domain of an antibody, a protein, a nucleic acid oligomer hybridization probe, or an aptamer. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the binding probe to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor wherein electrical signals, such as changes to voltage, current, impedance, conductance, or resistance in the circuit, are measured as targets interact with the binding probe. In various embodiments, the circuit provides a means to measure the presence, absence, or concentration of an analyte in a solution.

Abstract: In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and an enzyme molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the enzyme. In various examples, the enzyme is a polymerase. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the enzyme to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor, wherein electrical signals, such as changes to voltage, current, impedance, conductance, or resistance in the circuit, are measured as substrates interact with the enzyme.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an information storage system comprises: a writing device for synthesizing a nucleotide sequence that encodes a set of information; and a reading device for interpreting the nucleotide sequence by decoding the interpreted nucleotide sequence into the set of information, wherein the reading device comprises a molecular electronics sensor, the sensor comprising a pair of spaced apart electrodes and a molecular complex attached to each electrode to form a molecular electronics circuit, wherein the molecular complex comprises a bridge molecule and a probe molecule, and wherein the molecular electronics sensor produces distinguishable signals in a measurable electrical parameter of the molecular electronics sensor, when interpreting the nucleotide sequence.