Abstract: Improved methods and structures are provided for an array of vertical geometries which may be used as emitter tips, as a self aligned gate structure surrounding field emitter tips, or as part of a flat panel display. The present invention offers controlled size in emitter tip formation under a more streamlined process. The present invention further provides a more efficient method to control the gate to emitter tip proximity in field emission devices. The novel method of the present invention includes implanting a dopant in a patterned manner into the silicon substrate and anodizing the silicon substrate in a controlled manner causing a more heavily doped region in the silicon substrate to form a porous silicon region. Controlling the anodization of the silicon substrate further regulates and defines the shape to less heavily doped regions in the silicon substrate which form vertical geometries that can be used as emitter tips.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of processing ruthenium silicide. In one implementation, a ruthenium silicide processing method sequentially includes forming ruthenium silicide over front and back sides of a semiconductor substrate. The backside ruthenium silicide is exposed to a chlorine and fluorine containing aqueous solution effective to remove at least some ruthenium silicide therefrom. Then, the substrate backside is exposed to an aqueous ruthenium oxide etchant solution. Then, the substrate backside is exposed to an aqueous hydrofluoric acid containing solution.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for delivering ozone to a workpiece. In one embodiment, fluid is sprayed onto a workpiece placed in an ozone-rich environment. Alternatively, ozone is mixed with the fluid prior to spraying the fluid onto the workpiece. When spraying the fluid, the invention pulses the fluid at desired rates to create a substantially uniform layer of ozone-rich fluid on the workpiece. In another embodiment, the workpiece is also slowly rotated during at least a portion of the time the layer of ozone-rich fluid is applied to the workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dynamic-flow system that uses a vacuum to pull an etchant or other processing agent through a nozzle onto the surface of the work object. The processing agent can only communicate with the vacuum and be pulled onto the wafer surface when the nozzle is sealed against the work object. Therefore, the processing agent is dispensed onto the surface of the wafer or other work object under a negative rather than a positive pressure. Accordingly, the dispensation of the processing agent is self-stopping in the event that seal of the nozzle against the work object fails. The present invention also provides a novel nozzle for dispensing a processing agent onto a selected area of a work object. The nozzle of the present invention provides a substantially unidirectional flow of processing agent along the surface of a work object and maximizes the contact time of the processing agent at the surface of the work object.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a thermal printer for printing on thermoplastic foam to form a relief image which is comprised of open cells in the area that is the transfer ink enclosed or sealed cells which is to be impermeable to ink or other print medium. The present invention also includes the method of using the thermal head printer which preferably includes cooling the thermoplastic foam prior to forming the image thereon and using a lubricant to pass the thermoplastic form across the thermal printhead.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides a physical system and method for mixing a gas in a solvent to produce a solution used in the processing of a semiconductor work object. To dissolve a desired gas into a desired solvent, the solvent and gas are introduced into a pressurizable mixing module. The mixing module is selectably in communication with a process vessel. A pressure control mechanism, such as a valve, is located downstream of the mixing module to regulate the pressure and flow of solution or fluid in and leaving the mixing module to the process vessel. Preferably, the pressure control mechanism is located downstream and in communication with the process vessel. By adjusting the level of restriction of the pressure control mechanism the pressure of the gas in the mixing vessel above the solvent may be positively or negatively affected to vary the concentration of gas in solution based on Henry's Law.

Abstract: This invention relates to (R)-5-(aminosulphonylmethyl)-3-(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. This compound is particularly useful in treating disorders arising from deficient serotonergic neurotransmission, especially migraine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel additive for hydraulic cements, mortars and concretes, particularly for improving the mechanical strengths and the workability and for reducing sweating and segregation, which is characterized in that it is a protein hydrolysate having a pH less than or equal to 6, comprising substances selected from the group constituted by proteins, polypeptides, aminoacids and mixtures thereof, and obtained by treating 100 volumes of an aqueous composition containing at least one protein substance selected from the group constituted by proteins, polypeptides and mixtures thereof, with at least one bacterial strain producing lactic acid having a population greater than or equal to 10.sup.2 germs/cm.sup.3, in the presence of 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of a source of carbon belonging to the family of carbohydrates, for at least 2 hours, at a temperature of between 0.degree. and 65.degree. C. and at a pH less than or equal to 6.

Abstract: For releasable connection of a first apparatus (e.g. an electric cable) to a second apparatus (e.g. an electric switch) for conductive communication therebetween, a connector comprises a plug (1), a socket (2), an over-center buckle (14-17) and an "O"-ring (19), the latter being housed in said socket (2) and arranged to be compressed in the course of, the engagement of said plug and socket as effected by displacement of said buckle. The "O" ring upon compression tends to resile in a sense to displace the buckle towards its engaged state. This provides both the requisite locking between the plug and the socket, and also a seal against the ingress of moisture into the socket. Interengaging contacts (7,11) are each carried on a non-conductive carrier member (23,27), the carrier members having resilient tongues and lips (24,25,28,29) for retention in the plug and socket respectively by snap action over a step (26,30) within body portions (9,12) of the plug and socket respectively.