Abstract: Methods of detecting a non-explosive analyte can include exposing a sensor compound to a non-explosive analyte and displaying a change in the sensor compound upon exposure of the sensor compound to the non-explosive analyte. A variety of sensor compounds for detecting a target analyte, including both explosive and non-explosive analytes, is also described. Sensor devices for detecting a target analyte can include a substrate and a sensor compound positioned on the substrate in a plurality of detection zones.

Abstract: Methods of detecting a non-explosive analyte can include exposing a sensor compound to a non-explosive analyte and displaying a change in the sensor compound upon exposure of the sensor compound to the non-explosive analyte. A variety of sensor compounds for detecting a target analyte, including both explosive and non-explosive analytes, is also described. Sensor devices for detecting a target analyte can include a substrate and a sensor compound positioned on the substrate in a plurality of detection zones.

Abstract: A sensor to detect solid particles of a target salt can include a support substrate, an adsorption layer, a sensing layer oriented between the support substrate and the adsorption layer, and an electrode pair in contact with the sensing layer and separated by the sensing layer. The adsorption layer can include an ion exchange medium formed of a first porous structured material functionalized with basic or acidic functional groups. The basic or acidic functional groups can remove an acid or base component from the target salt to form a free base or free acid, respectively, of the target salt. The sensing layer can include a second porous structured material functionalized to detect the free base or acid of the target salt by a change in conductivity.

Abstract: A chemiresistive vapor sensor compound for detecting target vapors can comprise a perylene-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) core according to structure (I): where R can be a morphology control group or -A?-D?, A and A? can be independently a linking group, D and D? can be independently a strong electron donor which transfers electrons to the PTCDI core sufficient to form an anionic PTCDI radical of the PTCDI core, and R1 to R8 can be independently a side group. A chemiresistive vapor sensor for detection of a target compound can comprise an assembly of nanofibers formed of the chemiresistive sensor compound and a pair of electrodes operatively oriented about the assembly of nanofibers to allow electrical current to pass from a first electrode in the pair of electrodes through the assembly of nanofibers and to a second electrode in the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: Methods of detecting a non-explosive analyte can include exposing a sensor compound to a non-explosive analyte and displaying a change in the sensor compound upon exposure of the sensor compound to the non-explosive analyte. A variety of sensor compounds for detecting a target analyte, including both explosive and non-explosive analytes, is also described. Sensor devices for detecting a target analyte can include a substrate and a sensor compound positioned on the substrate in a plurality of detection zones.

Abstract: Methods of detecting a non-explosive analyte can include exposing a sensor compound to a non-explosive analyte and displaying a change in the sensor compound upon exposure of the sensor compound to the non-explosive analyte. A variety of sensor compounds for detecting a target analyte, including both explosive and non-explosive analytes, is also described. Sensor devices for detecting a target analyte can include a substrate and a sensor compound positioned on the substrate in a plurality of detection zones.

Abstract: A chemiresistive vapor sensor compound for detecting target vapors can comprise a perylene-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) core according to structure (I): where R can be a morphology control group or -A?-D?, A and A? can be independently a linking group, D and D? can be independently a strong electron donor which transfers electrons to the PTCDI core sufficient to form an anionic PTCDI radical of the PTCDI core, and R1 to R8 can be independently a side group. A chemiresistive vapor sensor for detection of a target compound can comprise an assembly of nanofibers formed of the chemiresistive sensor compound and a pair of electrodes operatively oriented about the assembly of nanofibers to allow electrical current to pass from a first electrode in the pair of electrodes through the assembly of nanofibers and to a second electrode in the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: Chelator containing compounds are utilized in the delivery of molecules and polymers to animal cells. At least one chelator such as crown ether is attached to a polymer and then associated with another polymer. An ion is then added to the mixture thereby forming condensed polymer. In condensed form and in complex with the chelator, polymer can be delivered to a cell.

Abstract: A labile disulfide-containing compound under physiological conditions containing a labile disulfide bond and a transduction signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is expression of zeta negative and zeta positive nucleic acids or nucleic acid complexes using a dystrophin gene in a process for providing nucleic acid expression in a striated (skeletal or cardiac) muscle cell for the purpose of providing a change to the endogenous properties of the cell for cells affected by muscular dystrophy.

Abstract: We describe pH-sensitive endosomolytic polymers, delivery particles containing pH-sensitive endosomolytic polymers. The described particles are capable of delivering polynucleotides to cells from the peripheral circulation with subsequent release from endosomes. The endosomolytic polymers are inactive outside the cell but disrupt membranes upon exposure to an acidified endosomal compartment.

Abstract: Methods are described for modifying nucleic acids to facilitate delivery of the nucleic acids to cells. Compounds which interact with of modify nucleic acids are interacted with the nucleic acids within reverse micelles.

Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for a single-pot covalent attachment of a label to nucleic acids comprising forming a covalently attachable labeling reagent for alkylating the molecule. Then, combining the covalently attachable labeling reagent with a mixture containing the molecule, under conditions wherein the labeling reagent has reactivity with the molecule thereby forming a covalent bond.

Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for a single-pot covalent attachment of a label to an siRNA comprising forming a covalently attachable labeling reagent for alkylating the molecule. Then, combining the covalently attachable labeling reagent with a mixture containing the molecule, under conditions wherein the labeling reagent has reactivity with the molecule thereby forming a covalent bond.

Abstract: A method of forming polymers in the presence of nucleic acid using template polymerization. These methods can be used for the delivery of nucleic acids, for condensing the nucleic acid, for forming nucleic acid binding polymers, for forming supramolecular complexes containing nucleic acid and polymer, and for forming an interpolyelectrolyte complex.

Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for covalent end-labeling of polynucleotides. Incorporation of a nucleic acid affinity group improves the efficiency of reaction of aldehyde reactive groups with the nucleic acid leading to more efficient labeling.

Abstract: A method of forming polymers in the presence of nucleic acid using template polymerization. Also, a method of having the polymerization occur in heterophase systems. These methods can be used for the delivery of nucleic acids, for condensing the nucleic acid, for forming nucleic acid binding polymers, for forming supramolecular complexes containing nucleic acid and polymer, and for forming an interpolyelectrolyte complex.

Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for covalent end-labeling of polynucleotides. Incorporation of a nucleic acid affinity group improves the efficiency of reaction of aldehyde reactive groups with the nucleic acid leading to more efficient labeling.

Abstract: A process and compound wherein nucleic acids can be modified with a host of molecules and maintain their ability to be expressed. A modifying chemical attachment of polyions to polynucleotides can be used to facilitate the change of tertiary structure of the nucleic acid and in some cases condensation of nucleic acids into smaller, charged particles useful in delivering the nucleic acid to a cell.

Abstract: The invention provides for polycations for condensation and delivery of polynucleotides to cells. Processes for forming the polycations by the polymerization of formamide monomers is also described.