Abstract: A fuel injector is provided which has a valve member, a valve member guide and a spring chamber. Discharge of fuel out of a fuel injector outlet is controlled by movement of the valve member within a bore of the valve member guide. The spring chamber contains a biasing member, which is a compression spring, and which biases the valve member into contact with a valve seat when in a closed configuration. The fuel supply passage is provided, which by-passes the spring chamber, to direct a flow of the fuel to an outlet chamber of the fuel injector, and the cleaning fluid supply passage is provided to supply a pressurized cleaning fluid to a second end of the bore to restrict leakage of the fuel from the outlet chamber towards the second end of the bore along a clearance extending between the valve member and the valve member guide.

Abstract: A fuel injector (1) is provided which comprises a valve member (11), a valve member guide (12) and a spring chamber (40). Discharge of fuel out of a fuel injector outlet (21) is controlled by movement of the valve member (11) within a bore (23) of the valve member guide (12). The spring chamber (40) contains a biasing member (50), for example a compression spring, which biases the valve member (11) into contact with a valve seat (20) when in a closed configuration. A fuel supply passage (80) is provided, which by-passes the spring chamber (40), to direct a flow of the fuel to an outlet chamber (22) of the fuel injector (1) and a cleaning fluid supply passage (90) is provided to supply a pressurised cleaning fluid to a second end (25) of the bore (23) to restrict leakage of the fuel from the outlet chamber (22) towards the second end (25) of the bore (23) along a clearance (29) extending between the valve member (11) and the valve member guide (12).

Abstract: The invention relates to a multiparticulate modified release composition that, upon administration to a patient, delivers at least one active ingredient in a bimodal or multimodal manner. The multiparticulate modified release composition comprises a first component and at least one subsequent component; the first component comprising a first population of active ingredient containing particles and the at least one subsequent component comprising a second population of active ingredient containing particles wherein the combination of the components exhibit a bimodal or multimodal release profile. The invention also relates to a solid oral dosage form containing such a multiparticulate modified release composition.

Abstract: An article and method for reducing somnolence in a patient receiving tizanidine therapy. Tizanidine may be administered in the form of an immediate release multiparticulate composition at or around the time food is consumed. The composition may be packaged in a container for distribution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formulations comprising therapeutically effective amounts of at least one acid-stable, carrier-mediated transport statin, at least one poorly water-soluble, carrier-mediated transport statin, or at least one large molecular weight, carrier-mediated transport statin, such as atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of their use. The present formulations and methods are designed to exhibit a controlled-release of a therapeutic amount of the statin in the small intestine, thereby limiting systemic exposure of the statin and maximizing liver-specific absorption of the drug. The formulations and methods of the present invention are particularly useful for treating and/or preventing conditions that are benefited by decreasing levels of lipids and/or cholesterol in the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formulations comprising therapeutically effective amounts of at least one acid-stable, carrier-mediated transport statin, at least one poorly water-soluble, carrier-mediated transport statin, or at least one large molecular weight, carrier-mediated transport statin, such as atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of their use. The present formulations and methods are designed to exhibit a controlled-release of a therapeutic amount of the statin in the small intestine, thereby limiting systemic exposure of the statin and maximizing liver-specific absorption of the drug. The formulations and methods of the present invention are particularly useful for treating and/or preventing conditions that are benefited by decreasing levels of lipids and/or cholesterol in the body.

Abstract: An article and method for increasing the extent of tizanidine absorption in a patient receiving tizanidine therapy. Tizanidine may be administered in the form of an immediate release tablet composition at or around the time food is consumed. The composition may be packaged in a container for distribution.

Abstract: An article and method for reducing somnolence in a patient receiving tizanidine therapy. Tizanidine may be administered in the form of an immediate release multiparticulate composition at or around the time food is consumed. The composition may be packaged in a container for distribution.

Abstract: An article and method for reducing somnolence in a patient receiving tizanidine therapy. Tizanidine may be administered in the form of an immediate release multiparticulate composition at or around the time food is consumed. The composition may be packaged in a container for distribution.

Abstract: An article and method for increasing the extent of tizanidine absorption in a patient receiving tizanidine therapy. Tizanidine may be administered in the form of an immediate release tablet composition at or around the time food is consumed. The composition may be packaged in a container for distribution.

Abstract: An article and method for increasing the extent of tizanidine absorption in a patient receiving tizanidine therapy. Tizanidine may be administered in the form of an immediate release tablet composition at or around the time food is consumed. The composition may be packaged in a container for distribution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a cefditoren, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or other form thereof, for example, cefditoren pivoxil, useful in the treatment and prevention of infections and related conditions. The invention provides a composition which comprises nanoparticulate particles comprising the cefditoren, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or other form thereof and at least one surface stabilizer. The nanoparticulate particles have an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm. The invention provides also a composition that delivers a cefditoren, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or other form thereof, or nanoparticles comprising the same, in a pulsatile or continuous manner.

Abstract: An article and method for reducing somnolence in a patient receiving tizanidine therapy. Tizanidine may be administered in the form of an immediate release multiparticulate composition at or around the time food is consumed. The composition may be packaged in a container for distribution.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions comprising a nanoparticulate vitamin K2 having improved bioavailability. The nanoparticulate vitamin K2 particles of the composition have an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm and are useful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The invention also relates to a controlled release composition comprising a vitamin K2 or a nanoparticulate vitamin K2 that in operation delivers the drug in a pulsed or multi-modal manner for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising ziprasidone useful in the treatment and prevention of schizophrenia and similar psychiatric disorders. In one embodiment, the composition comprises nanoparticulate particles comprising ziprasidone and at least one surface stabilizer. The nanoparticulate particles have an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm. In another embodiment, the composition comprises a modified release composition that, upon administration to a patient, delivers ziprasidone in a bimodal, multimodal or continuous manner. The invention also relates to dosage forms containing such compositions, and to methods for the treatment and prevention of schizophrenia and similar psychiatric disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising nilvadipine, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or polymorph thereof, useful in the treatment and prevention of hypertension or related cardiovascular disorders. In one embodiment, the composition comprises nanoparticulate particles comprising nilvadipine, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or polymorph thereof, and at least one surface stabilizer. The nanoparticulate particles have an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm. In another embodiment, the composition comprises a modified release composition that, upon administration to a patient, delivers nilvadipine, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or polymorph thereof, in a bimodal, multimodal or continuous manner. The invention also relates to dosage forms containing such compositions, and to methods for the treatment and prevention of hypertension or related cardiovascular disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multiparticulate modified release composition that, upon administration to a patient, delivers famciclovir in a bimodal, multimodal or continuous manner. The multiparticulate modified release composition comprises a first component and at least one subsequent component, the first component comprising a first population of active ingredient containing particles and the at least one subsequent component comprising a second population of active ingredient containing particles. The invention also relates to a solid oral dosage form containing such a multiparticulate modified release composition, and to a method for the treatment or suppression of viral infections.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modified release composition comprising loxoprofen or a salt or derivative thereof that in operation delivers the drug in a pulsatile or continuous manner for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation. The composition may comprise a first loxoprofen component and one subsequent loxoprofen component, wherein the first loxoprofen component comprises an immediate release component and the subsequent loxoprofen component comprises a modified release component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a platelet aggregation inhibitor, for example, cilostazol, or a salt or derivative thereof, useful in the treatment and prevention of ischemic symptoms. The invention provides a composition which comprises nanoparticulate particles comprising the platelet aggregation inhibitor and at least one surface stabilizer. The nanoparticulate particles have an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm. The invention provides also a composition that delivers a platelet aggregation inhibitor, or nanoparticles comprising the same, in a pulsatile or continuous manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multiparticulate modified release composition that, upon administration to a patient, delivers ticlopidine in a bimodal, multimodal or continuous manner. The multiparticulate modified release composition comprises a first component and at least one subsequent component, the first component comprising a first population of active ingredient containing particles and the at least one subsequent component comprising a second population of active ingredient containing particles. The invention also relates to a solid oral dosage form containing such multiparticulate modified release composition, and to methods for inhibiting platelet aggregation, inhibiting blood clotting, and reducing risk of stroke in a patient.