Abstract: A first control channel associated with a first cell is communicated in the first cell using a first time/frequency window. The first control channel and a traffic channel are communicated in a second cell using the first time/frequency window. The first control channel may be communicated in the second cell when the first time/frequency window is unassigned to a traffic channel in the second cell. The first time/frequency window may be assigned to a traffic channel in the second cell, and the first control channel may be communicated in the second cell when the traffic channel to which the first time/frequency window is assigned in the second cell is idle. The traffic channel to which the first time/frequency window is assigned in the second cell may be communicated over different carrier frequency bands to thereby frequency hop the traffic channel.

Abstract: A delay spread is created in a digital radio signal to reduce the coherence bandwidth and facilitate frequency hopping to reduce the effect of fading losses within an enclosed propagation environment. The delay spread is introduced into the signal in several ways. One technique disclosed employs a transmitter with two separate antennas one of which transmits the digital signal and the other of which transmits the same signal after a phase delay has been introduced into the signal. The carrier frequency of the signals is hopped between at least two frequencies and the receiver processes the resulting signals. In another embodiment, a single transmit antenna is used but the signal is received by two different antennas with the output signal from one of those antennas being phase delayed before combining it with the other prior to processing by the receiver circuitry.

Abstract: A frequency modulation (FM) radio transmitter, such as a cellular telephone, includes an automatic deviation control system to automatically compensate for varying sensitivity of the FM transmitter. The FM transmitter includes a phase lock loop including a controlled oscillator that produces a frequency modulated input signal on an output channel frequency in response to a control input that is applied thereto. A scaler is responsive to the input signal and to at least one scaling content, to scale the input signal based upon the at least one scaling constant and to provide the scaled input signal to the phase lock loop to produce the frequency modulated input signal on the channel frequency. An automatic deviation control system measures the control signal that is applied to the controlled oscillator when tuned to one of the plurality of output channel frequencies and updates at least one of the scaling constants based upon the measured control input, to thereby provide automatic deviation control.

Abstract: The sum of a plurality of logarithmic numbers is determined by expressing the logarithmic numbers as one of a predetermined values. For example, the numbers may be analog values which may be sampled by an 8-bit AtoD converter to be expressed as one of a possible 256 values. The number of occurrences for each of the values is accumulated in bins (counters) and the sum is determined by a summation of the logarithmic numbers based on processing of the counts rather than the logarithmic numbers themselves. Bin counts are reduced iteratively by replacing counts greater than 1 by incrementing the count of a proportionately higher value bin until only counts of 1 or zero remain. These counts are then combined to provide only a single counter with a non-zero count value which indicates the accumulated signal strength of the signal strength measurements. The invention may further be provided using single bit memory elements and byte processing with look-up tables.

Abstract: Waveform synthesizers represent an input waveform as a sequence of numerical codes in a number base, each numerical code comprising a plurality of digits ordered by place significance. A plurality of bilateral amplifiers is provided, a respective one of which is associated with a respective one of the digits. The bilateral amplifiers consume current from the DC power supply and return current to the DC power supply based on the value of the associated digit, to thereby generate an output voltage level that is proportional to the value of the associated digit. The output voltage levels of the plurality of bilateral amplifiers are serially coupled to the load, with a weighting that is based upon the place significance of the associated digit. Waveform synthesizers that are so constructed are capable of theoretical efficiencies of 100% for any signal waveform. These waveform synthesizers may be used efficiently to amplify to a transmit power level or radio signal that varies in amplitude as well as phase.

Abstract: A system and method for bidirectionally demodulating data symbols transmitted through a communication channel. The method includes sequentially receiving and storing a first plurality of known data symbols, a second plurality of unknown data symbols, and a third plurality of known data symbols. Thereafter, a first block of the unknown data symbols received nearer the first plurality of known data symbols is forward-demodulated. Likewise, a second block of the unknown data symbols received nearer the third plurality of known data symbols is backward-demodulated. The forward- and backward-demodulation of the unknown data symbols determines quality values (figure-of-merits based on at least one of signal power, noise power and a combination of signal power plus noise power) indicative of demodulation qualities of the unknown data symbols that are compared to produce a best direction indication.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving frequency hopped video signals is disclosed. A composite video signal is processed at a transmission end to remove line and frame synchronization codes and replace them with a frequency hopping synchronization code. The signal is then modulated with a frequency hopped carrier signal and transmitted to a receiver. The receiver detects the frequency hopping synchronization code to enable tuning of the receiver to the video signal. The detected frequency hopping synchronization codes are removed and replaced with the original line and frame synchronization code. The recreated video signal may be digitized and processed to detect and correct errors within the video signal by replacing lines or frames of the video signal with closely related lines or frames from another portion of the video signal.

Abstract: A process for the preparing agrochemical intermediates of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein W is (CH.sub.3 O) CH.CHCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.3 O.CH.dbd.CCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ; Z.sup.1 is a halogen atom; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, acetoxy or acyl; the process comprising the steps of:(a) reacting a compound of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined above, with a compound of formula ROCH.sub.3, wherein R is a metal; and,(b) reacting the product of (a) with a compound of formula (III): ##STR3## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are halogen atom. A process for the preparation of compounds of formula (II) and compounds of formula (II) themselves. A process for obtaining, in substantially pure form, a compound of formula (II) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are all hydrogen.

Abstract: A communications system for transmitting selected information to a registered mobile terminal in response to the reporting of a vehicle identification associated with the registered mobile terminal to a database system. The communications system includes a database system having a memory with registered vehicle identifications and associated information. The database system is coupled to a radio system for receiving a reporting signal including a vehicle identification sent by a reporting mobile terminal. In response to the inputted reported vehicle identification, the database system identifies a registered vehicle identification corresponding to the reported vehicle identification and selects associated information corresponding to the identified registered vehicle identification. In the first preferred embodiment, the selected associated information includes a selected phone number and the database system sends the selected message to a registered mobile terminal associated with the vehicle identification.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer includes a controlled oscillator which is responsive to a frequency control input signal, to generate an output frequency. A programmable frequency divider is responsive to the output frequency and to a divider control input, to divide the output frequency by a first integral ratio or by a second integral ratio in response to the divider control input, to thereby produce a divided signal. A phase comparator is responsive to a reference frequency signal and to the divided signal, to compare the reference frequency signal and the divided signal, and thereby produce a first error signal. A sigma-delta modulator is responsive to a modulation input to produce the divider control input. A loop filter is responsive to the first error signal, to thereby produce the frequency control input signal. Ripple compensation signals and direct modulation signals may also be provided, to provide a three-point modulator for a frequency synthesizer. Analog and digital embodiments may also be provided.

Abstract: A secure radio personal communication system and method includes a base station which relays cellular verification signals between a wide area cellular network and a cellular terminal via the wire telephone network. Thus, cellular telephone calls which are routed to a cellular terminal via a base station, when the cellular terminal is within a local region covered by the base station, may be exchanged between the cellular network and cellular terminal over the wire telephone network. Calls from the wide area cellular network which are routed through the base station can thus employ the same security systems and methods which are employed by the wide area cellular network. Signals between the base station and the cellular terminal are preferably exchanged when the cellular terminal is parked in the base station. Verification and encryption signals may be exchanged.

Abstract: Acetylenic alcohols and diols have been found which are soluble in liquid/supercritical CO.sub.2 and exhibit surface active properties. These alcohols and diols act as surfactants by lowering the surface tension between CO.sub.2 and mobile CO.sub.2 -phobic substances which are contacted with the CO.sub.2.

Abstract: A fluid control valve has a valve guard and a valve seat, and the guard has a circular recess formed in a front surface thereof in which to nest the valve seat. In one embodiment, a pair of valve guards are integrally joined together by a plurality of webs which bridge therebetween via the rear surfaces of the guards.

Abstract: A method and apparatus using a PIN number for preventing theft of cellular telephone service is disclosed. The PIN is requested silently by a visual display panel and entered silently by recalling the number from memory. The PIN number is transmitted as a hookflash message during each call at a limited, variable delay after the mobile unit switches to the voice channel and the cell site requests the PIN number by pressing a single key. This one-touch PIN transmission is also compatible with one-touch dialing, automated mail access, and linked number operations.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, acetoxy or acyl, and processes for preparing the same.

Abstract: A low cost, easily manufactured analog to digital converter uses MOS switching technology easily combined on an integrated circuit with other signal processing circuitry. An input capacitor stores an input analog voltage, and a pumping capacitor is switchably connected to the input capacitor to charge or discharge that input capacitor to a reference value. The number of charge or discharge events is used to generate a digital value for the input analog voltage.

Abstract: Heterogeneous polymer mixtures comprising a polymer in liquid or supercritical CO.sub.2 are stabilized by employing a poly(propylene oxide) or poly(butylene oxide) based surfactant. These surfactants are especially well suited for stabilizing heterogeneous polymer mixtures formed by micronizing techniques as well as by precipitation of a compressed fluid antisolvent applications.

Abstract: A method is described wherein a compound containing amine functionality is reacted in its liquid form with carbon dioxide to convert the compound into a solid amine carbamate salt for use as a blocked amine curative in powder coating manufacturing and resulting powder coating operations. The blocked amine curative decomposes on heating and reverts back to a liquid amine providing a highly reactive curative and flow modifier for powder coating applications.

Abstract: A power saving standby mode that can be used in mobile radio stations operating in current networks and improves in the intended message reception. The invention enters the power down mode principally contingent upon the CRC check being successful. Additionally, the invention uses a cumulative majority vote procedure which results in a higher probability of correct reception of a message addressed to the receiving station.

Abstract: Water dispersible polymeric powders are prepared in liquid/supercritical CO.sub.2 by the sequential polymerization of a water soluble polymer after the polymerization of a non-water soluble polymer using core-shell polymerization technology.