Abstract: A driving backplane includes: a base; a first conductive layer disposed on the base, the first conductive layer including at least one first signal line; a first insulating layer disposed on a side of the first conductive layer away from the base; a second conductive layer disposed on a side of the first insulating layer away from the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer including at least one second signal line. Each first signal line and a second signal line constitute a signal line pair. In the signal line pair, extending directions of the first signal line and the second signal line are the same, an orthogonal projection of the first signal line on the base and an orthogonal projection of the second signal line on the base have a first overlapping region, and the second signal line is coupled to the first signal line.

Abstract: Glucose-responsive insulin conjugates that contain one or more trisaccharides are provided. Such insulin conjugates may display a pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) profile that is responsive to the systemic concentrations of a saccharide such as glucose or alpha-methylmannose, even when administered to a subject in need thereof in the absence of an exogenous multivalent saccharide-binding molecule.

Abstract: Insulin dimers conjugated to peptides having at least one incretin activity are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides conjugates that comprise an insulin molecule conjugated via a conjugate framework to two or more separate ligands that each include a saccharide, wherein the framework, ligand, saccharide and insulin molecule optionally comprise a fatty chain (e.g., a C8-30 fatty chain), wherein when said insulin molecule is conjugated both to a C8-30 fatty chain and one or more separate ligands that each include a saccharide, said C8-30 fatty chain is linked to insulin molecule only, and wherein when the framework or ligand comprises a fatty chain the insulin molecule is conjugated to two or more separate ligands. In certain embodiments, a conjugate is characterized in that, when the conjugate is administered to a mammal, at least one pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) property of the conjugate is sensitive to serum concentration of a second saccharide. In certain embodiments, a conjugate is also characterized by having a protracted PK profile.

Abstract: An insulin conjugate comprising or consisting of a tri-valent sugar cluster is described. In particular aspects, the insulin conjugate displays a pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) profile that is responsive to the systemic concentrations of a saccharide such as glucose or alpha-methylmannose even when administered to a subject in need thereof in the absence of an exogenous multivalent saccharide-binding molecule such as Con A.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides conjugates which comprise an insulin molecule conjugated via a conjugate framework to one or more separate ligands that include a first saccharide, and wherein the conjugate framework also comprises a fatty chain (e.g., a C8-30 fatty chain). In certain embodiments, a conjugate is characterized in that, when the conjugate is administered to a mammal, at least one pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) property of the conjugate is sensitive to serum concentration of a second saccharide. In certain embodiments, a conjugate is also characterized by having a protracted PK profile. Exemplary conjugates and sustained release formulations are provided in addition to methods of use and preparation.

Abstract: Insulin dimers and insulin analog dimers that act as partial agonists at the insulin receptor are disclosed.

Abstract: Insulin dimers and insulin analog dimers that act as partial agonists at the insulin receptor are disclosed.

Abstract: An insulin conjugate comprising or consisting of a tri-valent sugar cluster is described. In particular aspects, the insulin conjugate displays a pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) profile that is responsive to the systemic concentrations of a saccharide such as glucose or alpha-methylmannose even when administered to a subject in need thereof in the absence of an exogenous multivalent saccharide-binding molecule such as Con A.

Abstract: Insulin dimers conjugated to peptides having at least one incretin activity are disclosed.

Abstract: Insulin-incretin conjugates comprising a peptide having agonist activity at the glucagon-like 1 (GLP-1) receptor, the glucagon (GCG) receptor, and/or the gastric inhibitory protein (GIP) receptor conjugated to an insulin molecule having agonist activity at the insulin receptor and use of the conjugates for treatment of metabolic diseases, for example, Type 2 diabetes, are described.

Abstract: Insulin dimers and insulin analog dimers that act as partial agonists at the insulin receptor are disclosed.

Abstract: Insulin dimers and insulin analog dimers that act as partial agonists at the insulin receptor are disclosed.

Abstract: Insulin dimers and insulin analog dimers that act as partial agonists at the insulin receptor are disclosed.

Abstract: Insulin dimers and insulin analog dimers that act as partial agonists at the insulin receptor are disclosed.

Abstract: Insulin dimers and insulin analog dimers that act as partial agonists at the insulin receptor are disclosed.

Abstract: Insulin conjugates comprising an insulin analog molecule covalently attached to at least one bi-dentate linker having two arms, each arm independently attached to a ligand comprising a saccharide and wherein the saccharide for at least one ligand of the linker is fucose are disclosed. The insulin conjugates display a pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) profile that is responsive to the systemic concentrations of a saccharide such as glucose or alpha-methylmannose even when administered to a subject in need thereof in the absence of an exogenous multivalent saccharide-binding molecule such as Con A.

Abstract: Insulin conjugates comprising an insulin molecule covalently attached to at least one bi-dentate linker having two arms, each arm independently attached to a ligand comprising a saccharide and wherein the saccharide for at least one ligand of the linker is fucose are disclosed. The insulin conjugates display a pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) profile that is responsive to the systemic concentrations of a saccharide such as glucose or alpha-methylmannose even when administered to a subject in need thereof in the absence of an exogenous multivalent saccharide-binding molecule such as Con A.

Abstract: Insulin dimers and insulin analog dimers that act as partial agonists at the insulin receptor are disclosed.

Abstract: Insulin dimers and insulin analog dimers that act as partial agonists at the insulin receptor are disclosed.