Abstract: The invention includes compositions, devices, and methods for analyzing a polymer and/or polymer unit. The polymer may be a homo- or hetero-polymer such as DNA, RNA, a polysaccharide, or a peptide. The device includes electrodes that form a tunnel gap through which the polymer can pass. The electrodes are functionalized with a reagent attached thereto, and the reagent is capable of forming a transient bond to a polymer unit. When the transient bond forms between the reagent and the unit, a detectable signal is generated and used to analyze the polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for analyzing the composition of a heteropolymer comprising a carbon nanotube through which the heteropolymer is driven by electrophoresis. The carbon nanotube also serves as one electrode in a reading circuit. One end of the carbon nanotube is held in close proximity to a second electrode, and each end of the carbon nanotube is functionalized with flexibly-tethered chemical-recognition moieties, such that one will bind one site on the emerging polymer, and the second will bind another site in close proximity, generating an electrical signal between the two electrodes when the circuit is completed by the process of chemical recognition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems, devices and methods for identifying biopolymers, such as strands of DNA, as they pass through a constriction such as a carbon nanotube nanopore. More particularly, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer forms a temporary electrical circuit between the nanotube nanopore and a second electrode, which may also be a nanotube. Further, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which the constriction is provided with a functionalized unit which, together with a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer, forms a temporary electrical circuit that can be used to characterize that portion of the biopolymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides finite, addressable, and self-assembling nucleic acid tiling arrays, and methods for their use.

Abstract: The present invention provides self-assembling, finite nucleic acid tiling arrays, and methods for their synthesis and use, which overcome a major hurdle in self-assembled DNA nanostructures, and therefore have numerous potential applications for nanofabrication of complex structures and useful devices, as further disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for the electrical detection of molecular interactions between a probe molecule and a protein or peptide target molecule, but without requiring the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and protein or peptide target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for the electrical detection of molecular interactions between a probe molecule and a protein or peptide target molecule, but without requiring the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and protein or peptide target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel methods of amplifying and detecting DNA. More specifically, the invention applies variations of Rolling Circle Amplification to several detection platforms.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for the electrical detection of molecular interactions between a probe molecule and target molecule, but without requiring the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and protein or peptide target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.peptide.

Abstract: This invention provides efficient methods for producing a covalent linkage having improved chemical stability between an amine-containing biomolecule and a solid support or hydrogel surface containing an aldehyde moiety.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides having at least ten nucleosides, at least two of which are selected from the group consisting of A, T, C and G, and at least one nucleoside being a universal nucleoside of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: each R.sub.n is H, OH, F or OCH.sub.3 ;Z is a member of the group consisting of O, S and CH.sub.2 ; andB is a five-membered, heterocyclic base having at least two double bonds, and further having an electron withdrawing group bonded thereto, said base with electron withdrawing group being represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein: said base with electron withdrawing group is bonded at X.sub.4 to the sugar portion of the nucleoside;X.sub.1, X.sub.3 and X.sub.5 are each members of the group consisting of N, O, C, S and Se;X.sub.2 and X.sub.4 are each members of the group consisting of N and C; andW is a member of the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, OH, SH, NH.sub.2, NO.sub.2, C(O)H, C(O)NHOH, C(S)NHOH, NO, C(NOCH.sub.3)NH.sub.2, OCH.sub.3, SCH.sub.3, SeCH.sub.3, ONH.sub.2, NHOCH.sub.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides having at least ten nucleosides, at least two of which are selected from the group consisting of A, T, C and G, and at least one nucleoside being a universal nucleoside of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: each R.sub.n is H, OH, F or OCH.sub.3 ;Z is a member of the group consisting of O, S and CH.sub.2 ; andB is a five-membered, heterocyclic base having at least two double bonds, and further having an electron withdrawing group bonded thereto, said base with electron withdrawing group being represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein: said base with electron withdrawing group is bonded at X.sub.4 to the sugar portion of the nucleoside;X.sub.1, X.sub.3 and X.sub.5 are each members of the group consisting of N, O, C, S and Se;X.sub.2 and X.sub.4 are each members of the group consisting of N and C; andW is a member of the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, OH, SH, NH.sub.2, NO.sub.2, C(O)H, C(O)NHOH, C(S)NHOH, NO, C(NOCH.sub.3)NH.sub.2, OCH.sub.3, SCH.sub.3, SeCH.sub.3, ONH.sub.2, NHOCH.sub.