Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure and other diseased conditions of the heart associated with elevated sympathetic neural discharges in a patient. The methods and systems comprise monitoring the sympathetic neural discharges of a patient from the stellate ganglia, the thoracic ganglia, or both, and detecting increases in the sympathetic neural discharges. The methods and systems may further comprise delivering therapy to the patient in response to a detected increase in the sympathetic neural discharge, such as delivering one or more pharmacological agents; stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle of the heart of the patient; and applying cardiac pacing, cardioversion or defibrillation shocks.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure and other diseased conditions of the heart associated with elevated sympathetic neural discharges in a patient. The methods and systems comprise monitoring the sympathetic neural discharges of a patient from the stellate ganglia, the thoracic ganglia, or both, and detecting increases in the sympathetic neural discharges. The methods and systems may further comprise delivering therapy to the patient in response to a detected increase in the sympathetic neural discharge, such as delivering one or more pharmacological agents; stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle of the heart of the patient; and applying cardiac pacing, cardioversion or defibrillation shocks.

Abstract: An XSLT method is used in a multi-thread environment. In the XSLT method, an XML file is analyzed in view of XSLT templates. Relationships between the transforming processes of the XSLT templates and the tree nodes of the XML file are built. Time for the execution of the transforming process of each of the XSLT templates and the number of a related one of the tree nodes are calculated. Threads are scheduled for the transforming processes of the XSLT templates. The transforming processes of the XSLT templates are executed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure and other diseased conditions of the heart associated with elevated sympathetic neural discharges in a patient. The methods and systems comprise monitoring the sympathetic neural discharges of a patient from the stellate ganglia, the thoracic ganglia, or both, and detecting increases in the sympathetic neural discharges. The methods and systems may further comprise delivering therapy to the patient in response to a detected increase in the sympathetic neural discharge, such as delivering one or more pharmacological agents; stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle of the heart of the patient; and applying cardiac pacing, cardioversion or defibrillation shocks.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure and other diseased conditions of the heart. The methods and kits comprise measuring serum NGF levels in a subject and detecting increases in NGF levels over baseline. The methods may further comprise initiating preventive therapy in response to a detected increase in serum NGF levels.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure and other diseased conditions of the heart associated with elevated sympathetic neural discharges in a patient. The methods and systems comprise monitoring the sympathetic neural discharges of a patient from the stellate ganglia, the thoracic ganglia, or both, and detecting increases in the sympathetic neural discharges. The methods and systems may further comprise delivering therapy to the patient in response to a detected increase in the sympathetic neural discharge, such as delivering one or more pharmacological agents; stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle of the heart of the patient; and applying cardiac pacing, cardioversion or defibrillation shocks.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing the likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac arrhythmias of the type leading to sudden cardiac death in a mammalian subject. The method comprises administering to the mammalian subject an effective amount of a composition to agonize ?3 adrenergic receptors in the mammalian subject. The composition may comprise one or more agents that are known to agonize ?3 adrenergic receptors, such as BRL 37344, CPG 12177, CL 316243, SR 58661, pindolol, and cyanopindolol.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure and other diseased conditions of the heart associated with elevated sympathetic neural discharges in a patient. The methods and systems comprise monitoring the sympathetic neural discharges of a patient from the stellate ganglia, the thoracic ganglia, or both, and detecting increases in the sympathetic neural discharges. The methods and systems may further comprise delivering therapy to the patient in response to a detected increase in the sympathetic neural discharge, such as delivering one or more pharmacological agents; stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle of the heart of the patient; and applying cardiac pacing, cardioversion or defibrillation shocks.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac arrhythmia in a patient. The methods and systems comprise monitoring the sympathetic neural discharges of a patient from the left stellate ganglion, the thoracic ganglia, or both, and detecting increases in the sympathetic neural discharges. The methods and systems may further comprise delivering anti-arrhythmic therapy to the patient in response to a detected increase in the sympathetic neural discharge, such as delivering one or more pharmacological agents; stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle of the heart of the patient; and applying cardiac pacing, cardioversion or defibrillation shocks. Pharmacologic agents which may be used in connection with the delivery of anti-arrhythmic therapy include those which are known to exert anti-arrhythmic effect and anti-convulsant agents, such as phenyloin, carbamazepine, valproate, and phenobarbitone.

Abstract: A system or apparatus is described for reducing the likelihood of the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia in the heart of a patient having a myocardial infarction and an atrioventricular block, particularly a ventricular arrhythmia of the type potentially leading to Sudden Cardiac Death. The likelihood of the occurrence of the ventricular arrhythmia is reduced by stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle of the heart of the patient. Myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle is stimulated by applying electrical stimulation to the right stellate ganglion of the patient or by applying Nerve Growth Factor or other neurotrophic substance to the right stellate ganglion. The apparatus can also be advantageously exploited for use with patients having myocardial infarction but no atrioventricular block and for patients have other heart conditions such as Brugada syndrome.

Abstract: A system or apparatus is described for reducing the likelihood of the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia in the heart of a patient having a myocardial infarction and an atrioventricular block, particularly a ventricular arrhythmia of the type potentially leading to Sudden Cardiac Death. The likelihood of the occurrence of the ventricular arrhythmia is reduced by stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle of the heart of the patient. Myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle is stimulated by applying electrical stimulation to the right stellate ganglion of the patient or by applying Nerve Growth Factor or other neurotrophic substance to the right stellate ganglion. The apparatus can also be advantageously exploited for use with patients having myocardial infarction but no atrioventricular block and for patients have other heart conditions such as Brugada syndrome.

Abstract: A system and method are described for reducing the likelihood of the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia in the heart of a patient having a myocardial infarction and an atrioventricular block, particularly a ventricular arrhythmia of the type potentially leading to Sudden Cardiac Death. The likelihood of the occurrence of the ventricular arrhythmia is reduced by stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle of the heart of the patient. Myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus node and right ventricle is stimulated by applying electrical stimulation to the right stellate ganglion of the patient or by applying Nerve Growth Factor or other neurotrophic substance to the right stellate ganglion. The system and method may also be advantageously exploited for use with patients having myocardial infarction but no atrioventricular block and for patients have other heart conditions such as Brugada syndrome.

Abstract: A method is described for increasing the likelihood of the occurrence of an arrhythmia in a heart, particularly a ventricular arrhythmia of the type leading to Sudden Cardiac Death. The method includes the steps of creating an atrioventricular block in the heart of an animal test subject, inducing a myocardial infarction in the heart of the test subject, and then stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation the test subject. In a specific example described herein, the atrioventricular block is created by ablating the atrioventricular node of the heart using an ablation catheter. The myocardial infarction is induced by ligating the left anterior descending portion of the coronary artery. Myocardial hyperinnervation is stimulated by application of Nerve Growth Factor or other neurotrophic vectors to the left stellate ganglion. The test subject is an adult canine.

Abstract: A method is described for increasing the likelihood of the occurrence of an arrhythmia in a heart, particularly a ventricular arrhythmia of the type leading to Sudden Cardiac Death. The method includes the steps of creating an atrioventricular block in the heart of an animal test subject, inducing a myocardial infarction in the heart of the test subject, and then stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation the test subject. In a specific example described herein, the atrioventricular block is created by ablating the atrioventricular node of the heart using an ablation catheter. The myocardial infarction is induced by ligating the left anterior descending portion of the coronary artery. Myocardial hyperinnervation is stimulated by application of Nerve Growth Factor or other neurotrophic vectors to the left stellate ganglion. The test subject is an adult canine.

Abstract: A method is described for increasing the likelihood of the occurrence of an arrhythmia in a heart, particularly a ventricular arrhythmia of the type leading to Sudden Cardiac Death. The method includes the steps of creating an atrioventricular block in the heart of an animal test subject, inducing a myocardial infarction in the heart of the test subject, and then stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation the test subject. In a specific example described herein, the atrioventricular block is created by ablating the atrioventricular node of the heart using an ablation catheter. The myocardial infarction is induced by ligating the left anterior descending portion of the coronary artery. Myocardial hyperinnervation is stimulated by application of Nerve Growth Factor or other neurotrophic vectors to the left stellate ganglion. The test subject is an adult canine.

Abstract: A method is described for increasing the likelihood of the occurrence of an arrhythmia in a heart, particularly a ventricular arrhythmia of the type leading to Sudden Cardiac Death. The method includes the steps of creating an atrioventricular block in the heart of an animal test subject, inducing a myocardial infarction in the heart of the test subject, and then stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation the test subject. In a specific example described herein, the atrioventricular block is created by ablating the atrioventricular node of the heart using an ablation catheter. The myocardial infarction is induced by ligating the left anterior descending portion of the coronary artery. Myocardial hyperinnervation is stimulated by application of Nerve Growth Factor or other neurotrophic vectors to the left stellate ganglion. The test subject is an adult canine.

Abstract: A method is described for increasing the likelihood of the occurrence of an arrhythmia in a heart, particularly a ventricular arrhythmia of the type leading to Sudden Cardiac Death. The method includes the steps of creating an atrioventricular block in the heart of an animal test subject, inducing a myocardial infarction in the heart of the test subject, and then stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation the test subject. In a specific example described herein, the atrioventricular block is created by ablating the atrioventricular node of the heart using an ablation catheter. The myocardial infarction is induced by ligating the left anterior descending portion of the coronary artery. Myocardial hyperinnervation is stimulated by application of Nerve Growth Factor or other neurotrophic vectors to the left stellate ganglion. The test subject is an adult canine.

Abstract: A method is described for increasing the likelihood of the occurrence of an arrhythmia in a heart, particularly a ventricular arrhythmia of the type leading to Sudden Cardiac Death. The method includes the steps of creating an atrioventricular block in the heart of an animal test subject, inducing a myocardial infarction in the heart of the test subject, and then stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation the test subject. In a specific example described herein, the atrioventricular block is created by ablating the atrioventricular node of the heart using an ablation catheter. The myocardial infarction is induced by ligating the left anterior descending portion of the coronary artery. Myocardial hyperinnervation is stimulated by application of Nerve Growth Factor or other neurotrophic vectors to the left stellate ganglion. The test subject is an adult canine.

Abstract: An implanted defibrillator continuously monitors a patient's heart to detect the presence of fibrillation and repeatedly, automatically computes the approximate entropy of a series of data representing the fibrillating heart at a moment in time. The first approximate entropy score that meets a predetermined relation with respect to a predetermined threshold value activates an energy delivery system to defibrillate the heart with a low level shock. The process continues until defibrillation is successful. An external defibrillator incorporates the approximate entropy algorithm to achieve low level defibrillation. A method is disclosed which times the delivery of a defibrillating shock to a fibrillating heart to coincide with the moment that the defibrillation threshold is at a minimum.

Abstract: An endocardial mapping catheter .?.for locating the ectopic focus of an abnormally functioning heart includes an actuator assembly and an elongated hollow support sheath which extends from the actuator assembly. A plurality of electrical probes are slidingly disposed for independent movement through the sheath, and each probe is attached to the actuator assembly for individual manipulation. A guide is mounted on the end of the sheath opposite the actuator assembly, at the distal end of the sheath, to radially deploy each electrical probe along a separate favorable trajectory as the probe is manipulated to move distally through the sheath. In operation, the probes are initially retracted into the sheath as the guide is positioned inside the left ventricle of the heart. Once the guide is positioned as desired, all of the probes are individually deployed until they have each made contact with the endocardium of the left ventricle.