Abstract: A surface for electrical discharge for incorporation in a gas discharge chamber and designed to produce a uniform distribution of the field strength factor, and an increase in the photon and/or the electron density. This is achieved by employing a microstructure combining at least two materials of different physical properties and having a geometry which increases electron emission.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of water-insoluble azo dyestuffs on vegetable fibers according to the method of the ice-color technique had been found, impregnating first the fibrous material with an azo component and then developing it with a diazo solution of an aromatic amino compound in the neutral or slightly alkaline range, wherein an alkali metal borate is used to neutralize the diazo solution.The dyeings prepared in this improved dyeing process for ice color dyeing have very good fastness properties and are obtained with high color yields. The improvement of the dyeing process is seen in the use of alkali metal borate as a neutralizing agent, which avoids the creation of foam in the surfactant-containing diazo solution.