Abstract: Method of reducing the pour-point and improving the flowability of petroleum oil or a fraction thereof by adding thereto a flowability-improving quantity of at least one copolymer of (a) an acrylic acid ester, a methacrylic acid ester, or a mixture of an acrylic acid ester and a methacrylic acid ester, and (b) not more than 20% by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer, of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or a mixture of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and wherein said esters in component (a) are esters of a C.sub.16 or higher alcohol or an alcohol mixture wherein at least 75% by weight thereof is one or more alcohols containing at least 16 carbon atoms; and the compositions resulting therefrom.

Abstract: Drilling mud additives based on a polymer mixture of 20 to 80% by weight carboxymethyl cellulose and 80 to 20% by weight of a polycarboxylic acid selected from polyacrylate, polymethacrylate and/or copolymers thereof and/or salts thereof, in which the carboxymethyl cellulose, which has been obtained from raw linters and/or wood cellulose by the slurry process, is mixed in wet, alcohol-moist form with the polycarboxylic acid and dried, to their use in drilling muds or workover and packer liquids, and to a process for their production.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel processes and intermediates for the preparation of 5-amino-4-hydroxyvaleric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, amino, hydroxy, mercapto, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, and R.sup.3 represents optionally substituted hydroxy or amino, by sigmatropic rearrangement of a suitable allyl ester, halolactonization of the resulting .gamma.,.delta.-unsaturated acid or of a suitable derivative thereof, exchange of halogen for a nitrogen-containing nucleophile, opening of the lactone ring and freeing of the amino group. Compounds of the formula I are starting materials for the preparation of renin-inhibitors which have an anti-hypertensive action.

Abstract: Copolymers of long-chain alkyl acrylates or methacrylates of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 --CO--OR.sup.2 (I)in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and OR.sup.2 is a fatty alcohol radical with 16 to 34 carbon atoms and nitrogen-containing olefins can be used as flow improvers for crude oils.

Abstract: Compositions free from mineral oil and used for freeing jammed drill pipes in drilling operations, and processes for using such compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a mixture of:(a) one or more fatty acid alkyl esters corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a linear C.sub.7 -C.sub.23 alkyl, alkenyl or alkadienyl radical andR.sup.2 is a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or hydroxyalkylene radical,(b) one or more thickeners such as organophilic bentonites, and(c) one or more emulsifiers.Preferred emulsifiers include a mixture of an aminoamide or a polyamine and a fatty acid or calcium salt thereof. The composition may contain other conventional additives and is adapted to be formulated in the field by blending with water and/or weighting agents to achieve the proper thickness and density for use as a well spotting fluid.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae I and Ia ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a group which can be transferred to carbonyl or imine compounds, for example alkyl, allyl, vinyl or the radical of an enol or enamine, R.sup.2 is, for example, cyclopentadienyl, R.sup.3 is the radical of an optically active sugar or sugar derivative, Me is Ti, Zr or Hf, x is 0, 1 or 2 and y is 0, 1, 2 or 3, M.sup..sym. is Li.sup..sym., Na.sup..sym., K.sup..sym., MgY.sup..sym., ZnY.sup..sym., CdY.sup..sym., HgY, CuY.sup..sym. or quaternary ammonium, Y being halogen, are suitable for use as chiral reactants for compounds containing aldehyde, keto and/or N-substituted imine groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel processes and intermediates for the preparation of 5-amino-4-hydroxyvaleric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, amino, hydroxy, mercapto, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, and R.sup.3 represents optionally substituted hydroxy or amino, by sigmatropic rearrangement of a suitable allyl ester, halolactonisation of the resulting .gamma.,.delta.-unsaturated acid or of a suitable derivative thereof, exchange of halogen for a nitrogen-containing nucleophile, opening of the lactone ring and freeing of the amino group. Compounds of the formula I are starting materials for the preparation of renin-inhibitors which have an anti-hypertensive action.

Abstract: Synthetic swellable layer silicates corresponding to the following formulaMgO.aMA.bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.cSiO.sub.2.nH.sub.2 O (I)in whichM is Na.sup.+ and Li.sup.+ having an Na:Li ratio of at least 1;A is F.sup.-, OH.sup.- or 1/2O.sup.2- or a mixture thereof;a is 0.1 to 0.6;b is 0 to 0.3;c is 1.2 to 1.7; andn is 0 to 3.0.are used in water-based well-servicing fluids as a high-temperature-stable thixotrope substantially unaffected by alkaline earth metal ions.

Abstract: Compounds of the forulae I and Ia ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a group which can be transferred to carbonyl or imine compounds, for example alkyl, allyl, vinyl or the radical of an enol or enamine, R.sup.2 is, for example, cyclopentadienyl, R.sup.3 is the radical of an optically active sugar or sugar derivative, Me is Ti, Zr or Hf, x is 0, 1 or 2 and y is 0, 1, 2 or 3, M.sym. is Li.sym., Na.sym., K.sym., MgY.sym., ZnY.sym., CdY.sym., HgY, CuY.sym. or quaternary ammonium, Y being halogen, are suitable for use as chiral reactants for compounds containing aldehyde, keto and/or N-substituted imine groups.

Abstract: Powder-form lubricant additives for water-based drilling fluids which contain from 95 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the powder, of highly disperse silicas, from 5 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the powder, of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters corresponding to the following general formula.R.sup.1 COOR.sup.2 (I)in which R.sup.1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C.sub.9 -C.sub.21 alkyl or alkenyl radical and R.sup.2 is a straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl radical, and/or polyesters obtainable by reaction of di-, oligo- or poly-hydroxy compounds with carboxylic acids and/or distillation residues from the transesterification of native fatty acid esters and, optionally, other additives known for lubricating purposes in quantities of from 0 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the powder, and to the use of these powder-form additives in drilling fluids for oil well and mine drilling in quantities of from 0.

Abstract: A pour point depressant composition and a method for its use. The pour point depressant is a predominantly butadiene polymer epoxidized and then ring-opened with a C.sub.12-24 carboxylic acid, or ring-opened with an alcohol followed by esterification.

Abstract: A clear-rinse agent concentrate for mechanical dishwashers containing, as sheeting component, from 10% to 80% by weight of a reaction product obtained by reacting under acid catalysis conditions (1) an aldose selected from the group consisting of a reducing monosaccharide having 5 to 6 carbon atoms and an oligosaccharide thereof having from 2 to 4 monosaccharide units, with (2) a polyglycol ether having an average molecular weight of from 190 to 450, in a molar ratio of from 1:0.4 to 1:1.5; as well as the method of clear-rinsing employing said agent.