Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the examination, especially the quality control, of optical components, in which an image of the particular component to be examined is produced and flaws in the imaged article are detected by image analysis, as well as the integration of that examining process into the manufacture of the component. The optical components may be optical components for the eye, such as spectacle lenses, contact lenses, intraocular lenses and the like.

Abstract: Hypoxanthine compounds of the structure: are disclosed where R3 and R8 are as described herein. The compounds are useful as intermediates to compounds providing PDE IV inhibition activity.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: wherein R3 represent a C1-8 alkyl which is unbranched or branched and unsubstituted or substituted with OH, alkoxy, CO2H, ═NOH, ═NOCONH2, or ═O; C3-8 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, alkoxy, CO2H, ═NOH, ═NOCONH2, or ═O; C4-8 cycloalkylalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl portion is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, alkoxy, CO2H, ═NOH, ═NOCONH2, or ═O; aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted with Cl, NH2, alkylamino, dialkylamino, amido, C1-C8 alkylamido, C1-C3 dialkylamido, OH, alkoxy, HC═NOH, HC═NOCONH2, C1-C3 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; aralkyl (C1-4); heterocyclyl; heterocyclylalkyl (C1-C4); and heteroaryl; R8 represents H or a C1-8 alkyl which is unbranched or branched and unsubstituted or substituted with OH, alkoxy, CO2H, ═NOH, ═NOCONH2, or ═O; C3-8 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, alkoxy, CO2H, ═NOH, ═NOCONH2, or ═O; C4-8 cyclo

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound selected from the group consisting of 1,3,8-triethyl-2,6-dithioxanthine; 1,3,8-triethyl-2-thioxanthine; 8-cyclopropyl-1-ethyl-3-(2-methyl-butyl)-6-thioxanthine; 1,3-diethyl-8-isopropyl-6-thioxanthine; 8-cyclopropyl-1,3-dipropyl-6-thioxanthine; 8-isopropyl-1,3-dipropyl-6-thioxanthine; 1,3-diethyl-8-cyclopropyl-2,6-dithioxanthine; 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-ethyl-8-isopropyl-6-thioxanthine; and 8-cyclopropyl-1,3-diethyl-6-thioxanthine. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound selected from the group above. Also disclosed is a method of effecting PDE IV inhibition which comprises administering to a patient suffering from a disease or disorder selected from the group consisting of asthma, allergies, PDE IV modulated inflammation, and depression, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the group above.

Abstract: With the above and other objects in view, the present invention comprises compounds having the general formula (I): wherein: R1 is a C2-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, C1-5 alkoxy, C3-5 cycloalkoxy, halogen, oxo, carbamido, hydroxycarbamido, oximido, C1-5 alkyloximido, C3-5 cycloalkyloximido, C1-5 acyloximido or C3-5 cycloacyloximido; Q is methylene or ethylene; R3 is aryl or heteroaryl wherein said aryl or heteroaryl has one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, C3-5 alkylene, C3-5 cycloalkylene, haloC1-6 alkyl, haloC1-6 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, C1-5 alkoxy, C3-5 cycloalkoxy, C1-2 alkylenedioxy, C1-6 acyl, C3-6 cycloacyl, C1-6 acyloxy, C3-6 cycloacyloxy, halogen, nitro or cyano; R8 is C1-5 alkyl or C3-5 cycl

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula (I): wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 alkenyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C4-10 cycloalkylalkyl or C3-10 cycloalkenyl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl or cycloalkenyl is optionally substituted in one position with hydroxy; or benzyl, wherein said benzyl is optionally substituted in one or two positions with halogen, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy or polycycloalkyl, and wherein said alkyl moiety of said alkoxy or cycloalkoxy substituent is optionally substituted in one position with hydroxy; R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 alkenyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C4-10 cycloalkylalkyl or C3-10 cycloalkenyl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl or cycloalkenyl is optionally substituted in one position with hydroxy; or benzyl, wherein said benzyl is optionally substituted in one or two positions with halogen, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy or polycycloalkyl, and wherein said a

Abstract: The present invention comprises compounds having the general formula I: wherein: Y, is N or CH Z is selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups such as alkylene groups such as CH2, CH2CH2, CH(CH3); alkenyl groups such as CH═CH; alkynyl groups such as C≡C; and NH, N(C1-C3 alkyl), O, S, C(O)CH2 and OCH2; R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a C1-C8 straight or branched alkyl or a C3-C8 cycloalkyl; R3 is a C3-C12 straight or branched alkyl; R4 is a C3-C10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with OH or C3-C10 cycloalkenyl optionally substituted with OH; and R8 is a C1-C8 straight or branched alkyl or a C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with OH; and methods of synthesis.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the formulae: ##STR1## wherein: Q.sub.3,Q.sub.6a,Q.sub.6b and Q.sub.8 are independently a bond, C.sub.1-8 alkylene, C.sub.2-8 alkenylene and C.sub.2-6 alkynylene, andR.sub.3, R.sub.6a, R.sub.6b, and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen, aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, nitro, cyano and carboxy, provided that:Q.sub.3 R.sub.3 is not hydrogen or methyl in formulae (I) or (II); and at least one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.8 is aryl or heteroaryl in formula (I).The compounds are effective PDE IV inhibitors and possess improved PDE IV inhibition and improved selectivity with regard to PDE III inhibition.

Abstract: Novel compounds which are effective PDE IV inhibitors are disclosed. The compounds possess improved PDE IV inhibition as compared to theophylline or rolipram, with improved selectivity with regard to, e.g., PDE V inhibition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Q.sub.3 R.sub.3 and Q.sub.8 R.sub.8 are described herein. The compounds possess PDE-IV inhibitory activity and improved selectivity with regard to PDE-III inhibition. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment utilizing the disclosed compounds.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods of synthesizing compounds having the formula I: ##STR1## wherein: Y.sub.1, Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.8 are as described herein, which comprises the steps of(a) reacting a compound of the formula III ##STR2## with a base to cause cyclization to compound IV ##STR3## (b) transforming said hydroxy group of said compound IV to an amine by successive halogenation by a halogenating agent and displacement of the resultant halogen with an amide to form compound V ##STR4## (c) reacting said compound V with an effective amount of compound VI ##STR5## to form the compound of formula 1.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of synthesizing compounds having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.8 are defined herein, which comprises the steps of(a) reacting a compound of the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein Q is a halogen, with an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of an acid anhydride or an acid halide; to form a compound of the formula (III) ##STR3## b) transforming the 6-halo group of said compound (III) to an amine by displacement with ammonia to form compound (IV) ##STR4## (c) reacting said compound (IV) with a base to cause cyclization to a 6-halo intermediate, said 6-halo group is then transformed to an amine by displacement with an amine to form compound (V) ##STR5## (d) reacting said compound (V) with an effective amount of compound (VI) ##STR6## wherein X is a halogen; to form the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of synthesizing compounds of formula (I): wherein Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.8 are as described herein; comprising the steps of.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.8 are independently alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, and R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of S and O, R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of S and O, provided that R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 are not both O. The compounds are effective PDE IV inhibitors and possess improved PDE IV inhibition and improved selectivity with regard to PDE III inhibition. Methods of treatment using the compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.8 are independently alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, and R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of S and O, R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of S and O, provided that R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 are not both O. The compounds are effective PDE IV inhibitors and possess improved PDE IV inhibition and improved selectivity with regard to PDE III inhibition. Methods of treatment using the compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of the formula (I): whereinR.sub.3, R.sub.6a and R.sub.8 are the same or different and represent a C.sub.2-8 alkyl which is unbranched or branched and unsubstituted or substituted; C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted; C.sub.4-8 cycloalkylalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl portion is unsubstituted or substituted; aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted; aralkyl C.sub.1-4 ; heterocyclyl; and heterocyclylalkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)R.sub.6b represents H or R.sub.6a, or together R.sub.6b, N, and R.sub.6a make a C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a compound of Formula IV having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.6 is N(R.sub.6a)(R.sub.6b);R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.2-8, alkyl which is unbranched or branched and unsubstituted or substituted; C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted; C.sub.4-8 cycloalkylalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl portion is unsubstituted or substituted; aryl or benzyl which is optionally unsubstituted or substituted; ar(C.sub.1-4)alkyl; a heterocyclyl group, ring optionally substituted; heterocyclyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Novel compounds which are effective PDE IV inhibitors are disclosed. The compounds possess improved PDE IV inhibition as compared to theophylline or rolipram, with improved selectivity with regard to, e.g., PDE V inhibition. Also provided is a process of making compounds of Formula I. Compounds of the present invention are represented by Formula I: ##STR1## its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrochloride salts, or prodrug forms thereof, wherein:X.sub.1a, X.sub.1b are independently selected from --NH and --N-lower alkyl;X.sub.2a, X.sub.2b are optionally present and are independently selected from S(O)n, O, CH.sub.2, and NH;P.sub.1a, P.sub.1b, P.sub.2a, P.sub.2b, P.sub.4a, and P.sub.4b are independently selected from N, or CH;R.sub.1a, R.sub.1b, R.sub.2a, R.sub.2b, R.sub.3a and R.sub.3b are independently selected from H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 branched alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: Novel compounds which are effective PDE IV inhibitors are disclosed. The compounds possess improved PDE IV inhibition as compared to theophylline or rolipram, with improved selectivity with regard to, e.g., PDE III inhibition.

Abstract: A pulsed electron spin resonance spectrometer is provided with a first microwave oscillator for generating measuring signals of a high microwave frequency of about 80 GHz or above. A second microwave oscillator generates auxiliary signals at a lower microwave frequency of about 12 GHz or below. A first mixer generates mixed signals by mixing a measuring signal with an auxiliary signal. A pulse shaping channel generates pulsed mixed signals having a pulse length sufficient for carrying out pulsed electron spin resonance experiments. Moreover, a measuring resonator is provided to which the pulsed mixed signals are applied. A second mixer generates an output signals of a lower microwave frequency by mixing the mixed signal outputted from the measuring resonator with a signal being derived from the first microwave oscillator. A pulse shaping channel is switched between the second microwave oscillator and the first mixer.