Abstract: Systems and method are provided for educational content and learning management systems. A system can include a computer-readable storage medium, a graphical user interface, an application programming interface, a communication link for connecting the computer-readable to at least one computing device. The medium can have instructions stored thereon and including learning objects, course materials, educational tutorials, virtual problem-based environments, and gamification elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of displaying colors on an electronic visual display. The colors correspond to a principal color and one or more auxiliary colors each of which is defined by color co-ordinates within a color space. When one or more of the colors is out of the gamut of the display, adjustments are made to the co-ordinates of each color to allow adjusted colors to be displayed that preserve the color differences between the principal color and each of the one or more auxiliary colors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of displaying colours on an electronic visual display. The colours correspond to a principal colour and one or more auxiliary colours each of which is defined by colour co-ordinates within a colour space. When one or more of the colours is out of the gamut of the display, adjustments are made to the co-ordinates of each colour to allow adjusted colours to be displayed that preserve the colour differences between the principal colour and each of the one or more auxiliary colours.

Abstract: An electric field is provided in a first direction between an anode and a target having a flat disposition. A magnetic field is provided such that the magnetic flux lines are in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The magnet structure may be formed from permanent magnets extending radially in a horizontal direction, like the spokes of a wheel, and from magnetizable pole pieces extending vertically from the opposite ends of the spokes. The permanent magnets and the pole pieces define a well. The target is disposed in the well so that its flat disposition is in the same direction as the magnetic flux lines. Molecules of an inert gas flow through the well. Electrons in the well move in a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions. The electrons ionize molecules of the inert gas. The ions are attracted to the target and sputter atoms from the surface of the target. The sputtered atoms become deposited on a substrate.

Abstract: An electrical field between a positive anode and a negative target in a cavity and a magnetic field in the cavity cause electrons from the target to ionize neutral gas (e.g. argon) atoms in the cavity. The ions cause the target to release sputtered atoms (e.g. aluminum) for deposition on a substrate. A shield between the target and the substrate inhibits charged particle movement to the substrate. The anode potential may be positive, and the shield and the magnetic members may be grounded, to obtain electron movement to the anode, thereby inhibiting the heating of the shield and the magnetic members by electron impingement. The anode may be water cooled. The magnitude of the positive anode voltage relative to the target voltage provides selectively for (a) a uniform thickness of sputtered atoms on the walls of a groove in the substrate or (b) a filling of the groove by the sputtered atoms and a uniform thickness of deposition on the substrate surface including the filled groove.

Abstract: An electric field is provided in a first direction between an anode and a target having a flat disposition. A magnetic field is provided such that the magnetic flux lines are in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The magnet structure may be formed from permanent magnets extending radially in a horizontal direction, like the spokes of a wheel, and from magnetizable pole pieces extending vertically from the opposite ends of the spokes. The permanent magnets and the pole pieces define a well. The target is disposed in the well so that its flat disposition is in the same direction as the magnetic flux lines. Molecules of an inert gas flow through the well. Electrons in the well move in a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions. The electrons ionize molecules of the inert gas. The ions are attracted to the target and sputter atoms from the surface of the target. The sputtered atoms become deposited on a substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for cleaning and refilling wares for delivering food, e.g. trays, plates, bowls and cutlery, as might be used on airlines and in the health care industry. The wares are provided in sets and kept together in sets. After washing of each set, it is cooled if necessary and immediately refilled, for reuse. This can be achieved by providing a conveyor line along which are arranged a washer, dryer and cooling unit to keep the wares together. The invention provides a basket, configured to hold a number of sets of wares, the exact number depending upon the types of wares.

Abstract: A robotic arm assembly in a transport module is expansible to have an effector at its end receive a substrate in a cassette module and is then contracted and rotated with the effector to have the effector face a process module. Planets on a turntable in the process module are rotatable on first parallel axes. The turntable is rotatable on a second axis parallel to the first axes to move successive planets to a position facing the effector. At this position, an alignment assembly is aligned with, but axially displaced from, one of the planets. This assembly is moved axially into coupled relationship with such planet and then rotated to a position aligning the substrate on the effector axially with such planet when the arm assembly is expanded. A lifter assembly aligned with, and initially displaced from, such planet is moved axially to lift the substrate from the effector. The arm assembly is then contracted, rotated with the effector and expanded to receive the next cassette module substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for cleaning and refilling wares for delivering food, e.g. trays, plates, bowls and cutlery, as might be used on airlines and in the health care industry. The wares are provided in sets and kept together in sets. After washing of each set, it is cooled if necessary and immediately refilled, for reuse. This can be achieved by providing a conveyor line along which are arranged a washer, dryer and cooling unit to keep the wares together. The invention provides a basket, configured to hold a number of sets of wares, the exact number depending upon the types of wares.

Abstract: A robotic arm assembly in a transport module is expansible to have an effector at its end receive a substrate in a cassette module and is then contracted and rotated with the effector to have the effector face a process module. Planets on a turntable in the process module are rotatable on first parallel axes. The turntable is rotatable on a second axis parallel to the first axes to move successive planets to a position facing the effector. At this position, an alignment assembly is aligned with, but axially displaced from, one of the planets. This assembly is moved axially into coupled relationship with such planet and then rotated to a position aligning the substrate on the effector axially with such planet when the arm assembly is expanded. A lifter assembly aligned with, and initially displaced from, such planet is moved axially to lift the substrate from the effector. The arm assembly is then contracted, rotated with the effector and expanded to receive the next cassette module substrate.

Abstract: An end effector in a robotic arm assembly receives a substrate in a cassette module and moves the substrate into a process module. A turntable rotatable on a fixed axis rotates a stator and a planet in the process chamber to a position of the planet in axial alignment with the end effector in the process chamber. A lifter assembly axially aligned with, and initially axially displaced from, the axially aligned planet is moved axially to lift the substrate from the end effector. The end effector is then withdrawn by the robotic arm assembly from the process chamber and the substrate is deposited by the lifter assembly on the axially aligned planet. When successive substrates have been sequentially deposited on a plurality of planets in the process chamber in the manner described above, the planets are individually rotated by the turntable relative to the stator on a second axis displaced from the first axis. The stator has peripheral teeth which mesh with teeth on the planets, the teeth being constructed (e.g.

Abstract: A robotic arm assembly in a transport module is expansible to have an effector at its end receive a substrate in a cassette module and is then contracted and rotated with the effector to have the effector face a process module. Planets on a turntable in the process module are rotatable on first parallel axes. The turntable is rotatable on a second axis parallel to the first axes to move successive planets to a position facing the effector. At this position, an alignment assembly is aligned with, but axially displaced from, one of the planets. This assembly is moved axially into coupled relationship with such planet and then rotated to a position aligning the substrate on the effector axially with such planet when the arm assembly is expanded. A lifter assembly aligned with, and initially displaced from, such planet is moved axially to lift the substrate from the effector. The arm assembly is then contracted, rotated with the effector and expanded to receive the next cassette module substrate.