Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprising at least one electroluminescent light source (2) with an electroluminescent layer (21) for emitting a primary radiation with an emission characteristic around a mean emission direction (5), and at least one light-converting element (3) for converting at least part of the primary radiation into a secondary radiation, wherein the shape of the light-converting element (3) is adapted to the emission characteristic of the electroluminescent light source (2) so as to generate a defined correlated color temperature as a function of a viewing angle (10).

Abstract: An illumination system, comprising a radiation source and a monolithic ceramic luminescence converter comprising at least one phosphor capable of absorbing a part of light emitted by the radiation source and emitting light of wavelength different from that of the absorbed light; wherein said at least one phosphor is an alkaline earth metal sulfide of general formula AE1-zS1-ySey:Az, wherein AE is at least one earth alkaline metal selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, 0?y<1 and 0.0005?z?0.2, activated by an activator A selected from the group of Eu(II), Ce(III), Mn(II) and Pr(III). is highly efficient, especially if a blue light emitting diode is used as a radiation source, and provides excellent thermal and spectroscopic properties.

Abstract: An illumination system, comprising a radiation source and a monolithic ceramic luminescence converter comprising at least one phosphor capable of absorbing a part of light emitted by the radiation source and emitting light of wavelength different from that of the absorbed light; wherein said at least one phosphor is an europium(III)-activated rare earth metal sesquioxide of general formula (YY-x-XEx)2-z(EU1-a-3Aa)z, wherein RE is selected from the group of gadolinium, scandium, and lutetium, A is selected from the group of bismuth, antimony, dysprosium, samarium, thulium, and erbium, 0?x<1, 0.001?z?0.2; and 0?a<1 can provide light sources having high luminosity and color-rendering index, especially in conjunction with a light emitting diode as a radiation source.

Abstract: The invention concerns an illumination system, comprising a radiation source and a fluorescent material comprising at least one phosphor capable of absorbing a part of light emitted by the radiation source and emitting light of wavelength different from that of the absorbed light; wherein said at least one phosphor is a yellow red-emitting cerium-activated carbido-nitridosilicate of general formula (RE1?z)2?aEAaSi4N6+aC1?a:CeZ, wherein 0?a<1, 0<z?0.2, EA is at least one earth alkaline metal selected from the group of calcium, strontium and barium, and RE is a least one rare earth metal chosen from the group of yttrium, gadolinium and lutetium. The invention is also concerned with a red to yellow-emitting cerium 10 activated carbido-nitridosilicate of general formula (RE1?z)2?aEAaSi4N6+aC1?a:Cez wherein 0?a<1, 0<z?0.

Abstract: A ceramic body is disposed in a path of light emitted by a light source. The light source may include a semiconductor structure comprising a light emitting region disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. The ceramic body includes a plurality of first grains configured to absorb light emitted by the light source and emit light of a different wavelength, and a plurality of second grains. For example, the first grains may be grains of luminescent material and the second grains may be grains of a luminescent material host matrix without activating dopant.

Abstract: A UVB phosphor of the composition (Laj_,—y—,Gd,Yy)PO4:Ce, is described, in which x=0 to 0.5, y=0 to 0.5 and z=0.01 to 0.3 and the sum of x, y and z is less than 1. From a phosphor of this kind, a phosphor layer can be produced that, in fluorescent lamps based on low-pressure mercury discharge lamps, produces a spectrum of 5 UV light that is particularly well suited to the cosmetic or medical treatment of the skin.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device comprising a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region is combined with a ceramic layer which is disposed in a path of light emitted by the light emitting layer. The ceramic layer is composed of or includes a wavelength converting material such as a phosphor. Luminescent ceramic layers according to embodiments of the invention may be more robust and less sensitive to temperature than prior art phosphor layers. In addition, luminescent ceramics may exhibit less scattering and may therefore increase the conversion efficiency over prior art phosphor layers.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device comprising a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region is combined with a ceramic layer which is disposed in a path of light emitted by the light emitting layer. The ceramic layer is composed of or includes a wavelength converting material such as a phosphor. Luminescent ceramic layers according to embodiments of the invention may be more robust and less sensitive to temperature than prior art phosphor layers. In addition, luminescent ceramics may exhibit less scattering and may therefore increase the conversion efficiency over prior art phosphor layers.

Abstract: Light-emitting devices are disclosed that comprise a light source emitting first light, a first material substantially transparent to and located to receive at least a portion of the first light, and particles of a second material dispersed in the first material. The second material has an index of refraction greater than an index of refraction of the first material at a wavelength of the first light. The particles of the second material have diameters less than about this wavelength. Particles of a third material may also be dispersed in the first material.

Abstract: A system includes a radiation source capable of emitting first light and a fluorescent material capable of absorbing the first light and emitting second light having a different wavelength than the first light. The fluorescent material is a phosphor having the formula (Lu1-x-y-a-bYxGdy)3(Al1-zGaz)5O12:CeaPrb wherein 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<z?0.1, 0<a?0.2 and 0<b?0.1. In some embodiments, the (Lu1-x-y-a-bYxGdy)3(Al1-zGaz)5O12:CeaPrb is combined with a second fluorescent material capable of emitting third light. The second fluorescent material may be a red-emitting phosphor, such that the combination of first, second, and third light emitted from the system appears white.

Abstract: Light-emitting devices are disclosed that comprise a light source emitting first light, a first material substantially transparent to and located to receive at least a portion of the first light, and particles of a second material dispersed in the first material. The second material has an index of refraction greater than an index of refraction of the first material at a wavelength of the first light. The particles of the second material have diameters less than about this wavelength. Particles of a third material may also be dispersed in the first material.

Abstract: A low-pressure gas discharge lamp having a gas discharge vessel containing a gas filling with a chalcogenide of the elements of the 4th main group of the periodic systems of elements and a buffer gas, and having inner or outer electrodes and means for generating and maintaining a low-pressure gas discharge.

Abstract: A device includes a semiconductor light emitting device and a wavelength-converting material comprising Sr—SiON:Eu2+. The Sr—SiON:Eu2+ wavelength-converting material absorbs light emitted by the light emitting device and emits light of a longer wavelength. The Sr—SiON:Eu2+ wavelength-converting material may be combined with other wavelength-converting materials to make white light. In some embodiments, the Sr—SiON:Eu2+ wavelength-converting layer is combined with a red-emitting wavelength-converting layer and a blue light emitting device to generate emission in colors, which are not achievable by only mixing primary and secondary wavelengths. In some embodiments, the Sr—SiON:Eu2+ wavelength-converting layer is combined with a red-emitting wavelength-converting layer, a blue-emitting wavelength-converting layer, and a UV light emitting device.

Abstract: Light-emitting devices are disclosed that comprise a light source emitting first light, a first material substantially transparent to and located to receive at least a portion of the first light, and particles of a second material dispersed in the first material. The second material has an index of refraction greater than an index of refraction of the first material at a wavelength of the first light. The particles of the second material have diameters less than about this wavelength. Particles of a third material may also be dispersed in the first material.

Abstract: A low-pressure gas discharge lamp comprising a gas discharge vessel containing a gas filling with a chalcogenide of the elements of the 4th main group of the periodic systems of elements and a buffer gas, and comprising inner or outer electrodes and means for generating and maintaining a low-pressure gas discharge.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for open-loop and closed-loop control of operating characteristic quantities of an internal combustion engine, it is proposed that the anticipatory or pilot control area, which is variable by means of learning, be embodied such that in a factor characteristic field associated with a basic characteristic field, not only the particular support point but with decreasing influence outward the area surrounding it as well are changed by the carry-over of an averaged regulating factor value. Alternatively, or preferably combined therewith, the factor characteristic field is replaced by at least two correcting characteristic fields, which have larger inclusion areas, overlapping one another, for each support point, so that even in the event of fluctuations of input quantities about a border of an area, at least one of the correcting characteristic fields will be addressed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling operating characteristic quantities of an internal combustion engine. For issuing an uncorrected anticipatory control value, a characteristic field is addressed by directing pregiven operating characteristic quantities as addresses and, with a simultaneously superposed control, an averaged value of the control factor is applied to the anticipatory control region for effecting an adaptive learning procedure. From the averaged control factor, a global factor is defined which works multiplicatively on the entire basic characteristic field. This considers especially multiplicative disturbance influences.

Abstract: Insulated electrical conductor for telecommunications cable in which two layers of insulation are provided. The inner of the two layers is a solid non-cellular construction and the outer layer is cellular. The nominal mutual capacitance between the conductor and an identical conductor is at a desired nominal value of 83 nanofarads/mile value between conductors above a desired minimum value while having an outside diameter across the insulation which is less than for a conductor of the same gauge which provides the same mutual capacitance and has a solid insulation of the same material as the inner layer.

Abstract: Temperature monitoring of electrically conductive wire during heating in which the current in the wire in the heating zone is measured and the voltage at the downstream end portion of the zone is measured, signals corresponding to the measured values then being combined to produce a resultant signal corresponding to the resistance of the wire at the downstream end portion of the heating zone. The resistance value corresponds to the temperature of the heated wire. Apparatus includes current and voltage measuring means located in the appropriate positions to enable temperature monitoring, and means to combine voltage signals which correspond to the measured values and to produce a combined signal representative of wire resistance after heating.

Abstract: A principal operational variable of an internal combustion engine, for example the fuel-air mixture ratio, is controlled by superposition of three separate control steps. The basic setting of a control variable is obtained with a relatively coarse forward control, for example a carburetor in the case of fuel-air mixture control. Superimposed on this basic control is a refined forward control step which is based on the prevailing magnitudes of at least one operational variable, preferably the engine speed and the throttle valve position, and which applies a multiplicative correction to the basic setting of the fuel-air mixture. The third superimposed control step is a feedback control of the fuel-air mixture within the range of correction applied by the second control steps but based on still another engine variable, in particular the exhaust gas composition as sensed by an oxygen sensor (.lambda.-sensor). After comparison with the reference signal, the .lambda.