Abstract: A process for producing a metal oxide powder by flame spray pyrolysis where a) a stream of a solution containing at least one oxidizable or hydrolysable metal compound is atomized to afford an aerosol by means of an atomizer gas, b) this aerosol is brought to reaction in the reaction space of the reactor with a flame obtained by ignition of a mixture of fuel gas and air, c) the reaction stream is cooled and d) the solid product is subsequently removed from the reaction stream, wherein e) the reaction space comprises one or more successive double-walled internals, wherein the wall of the double-walled internal facing the flame-conducting region of the reaction space comprises at least one slot through which a gas or vapour is introduced into the reaction space in which the flame is burning and f) the slot is arranged such that this gas or vapour brings about a rotation of the flame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate, comprising the following steps: (a) hydrothermal synthesis employing an aqueous mixture comprising (A) a silicon source, (B) a metal source, and (C) an auxiliary component, yielding an aqueous suspension of reaction product 1, comprising a raw porous crystalline metal silicate; and (b) flame spray pyrolysis of reaction product 1, wherein the aqueous suspension obtained in step (a) is sprayed into a flame generated by combustion of a fuel in the presence of oxygen to form a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate; wherein the aqueous suspension comprising reaction product 1 obtained in step (a) exhibits a solids content of ?70% by weight; and wherein the effective peak temperature, Teff, experienced by at least 90% by weight of the porous crystalline metal silicate during flame pyrolysis, is in the range Tmin<Teff<Tmax, and wherein Tmin is 750° C., and wherein Tmax is 1250° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate, comprising the following steps: a) hydrothermal synthesis in an aqueous mixture comprising (A) at least one silicon source, (B) at least one metal source and (C) at least one mineralizer to obtain an aqueous suspension comprising a porous crystalline metal silicate as reaction product; and b) calcination of the reaction product, characterized in that the calcination is conducted by means of flame spray pyrolysis at an adiabatic combustion temperature within a range of 450-2200° C., wherein the suspension having a solids content of 70% by weight which is obtained in step a) is sprayed into a flame generated by combustion of a fuel in the presence of oxygen to form a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate, comprising the following steps: a) hydrothermal synthesis in an aqueous mixture comprising (A) at least one silicon source, (B) at least one metal source and (C) at least one mineralizer to obtain an aqueous suspension comprising a porous crystalline metal silicate as reaction product; and b) calcination of the reaction product, characterized in that the calcination is conducted by means of flame spray pyrolysis at an adiabatic combustion temperature within a range of 450-2200° C., wherein the suspension having a solids content of 70% by weight which is obtained in step a) is sprayed into a flame generated by combustion of a fuel in the presence of oxygen to form a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate.

Abstract: Process for producing a tungsten oxide powder or a tungsten mixed oxide powder of general formula MxWO3, wherein M=Na, K, Rb, Li and/or Cs, 0.1?x?0.5, comprising the consecutive steps of: a) providing a solution comprising respectively at least one tungsten compound and optionally at least one M-comprising compound in a concentration corresponding to the stoichiometry MxWO3, b) atomizing the solution, thus forming an aerosol, into a reaction space, c) reacting the aerosol in the reaction space with a hydrogen/oxygen flame for which the expression 1<O2,primary/0.5H2?3 applies, wherein the reaction space is configured such that it comprises two reaction zones with two different velocities of the reaction mixture v1 and v2 where v2=0.3-0.8 v1 and 0.5?v1?10 Nm/s, d) separating the solid from vaporous or gaseous substances and e) passing a reducing gas stream over the separated solid at a temperature of 450-700° C.

Abstract: A process for producing a metal oxide powder by flame spray pyrolysis where a) a stream of a solution containing at least one oxidizable or hydrolysable metal compound is atomized to afford an aerosol by means of an atomizer gas, b) this aerosol is brought to reaction in the reaction space of the reactor with a flame obtained by ignition of a mixture of fuel gas and air, c) the reaction stream is cooled and d) the solid product is subsequently removed from the reaction stream, wherein e) the reaction space comprises one or more successive double-walled internals, wherein the wall of the double-walled internal facing the flame-conducting region of the reaction space comprises at least one slot through which a gas or vapour is introduced into the reaction space in which the flame is burning and f) the slot is arranged such that this gas or vapour brings about a rotation of the flame.

Abstract: Process for producing metal oxide powders by means of flame spray pyrolysis, in which an aerosol comprising a metal compound is introduced into a flame in a reactor and reacted therein, and the metal oxide powder obtained is separated from gaseous substances, wherein a) the flame is formed by the ignition of an oxygen-containing gas (1) with a fuel gas, b) the aerosol is obtained by joint atomization of a solution containing a metal compound and an atomization gas by means of one or more nozzles and c) the ratio of the spray area to the cross-sectional reactor area is at least 0.2.

Abstract: Core-shell particles containing crystalline iron oxide in the core and amorphous silicon dioxide in the shell and in which a) the shell contains from 5 to 40% by weight of silicon dioxide, b) the core contains b1) from 60 to 95% by weight of iron oxide and b2) from 0.5 to 5% by weight of at least one doping component selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, copper, magnesium, silver, titanium, yttrium, zinc, tin and zirconium, c) where the % by weight indicated are based on the core-shell particles and the sum of a) and b) is at least 98% by weight of the core-shell particles, d) the core has lattice plane spacings of 0.20 nm, 0.25 nm and 0.29 nm, in each case+/?0.02 nm, determined by means of HR-TEM.

Abstract: Process for producing metal oxide powders by means of flame spray pyrolysis, in which an aerosol comprising a metal compound is introduced into a flame in a reactor and reacted therein, and the metal oxide powder obtained is separated from gaseous substances, wherein a) the flame is formed by the ignition of an oxygen-containing gas (1) with a fuel gas, b) the aerosol is obtained by joint atomization of a solution containing a metal compound and an atomization gas by means of one or more nozzles and c) the ratio of the spray area to the cross-sectional reactor area is at least 0.2.

Abstract: A pulverulent cathode material contains at least one mixed oxide containing the metal components Li, at least one further metal component selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ni and Co. The pulverulent cathode material is produced by a process in which an ammonia-containing aerosol containing metal compound of the metal components is converted in a high-temperature zone of a reaction space and then the solids are removed.

Abstract: A process for producing a metal oxide powder proceeds by spray pyrolysis, in which a mixture comprising ammonia and an aerosol which is obtained by atomizing a solution containing a metal compound by means of an atomization gas is introduced into a high-temperature zone of a reaction space and reacted in an oxygen-containing atmosphere therein and the solids are subsequently separated off.

Abstract: Purified water can be obtained via a continuous or semi-continuous process by mixing a liquid composition (e.g., sea water or produced frac water) including water with a directional solvent to selectively dissolve water from the liquid composition into the directional solvent. The concentrated remainder of the liquid composition (e.g., brine) is removed, and the water is precipitated from the directional solvent and removed in a purified form. The solvent is then reused as the process is repeated in a continuous or semi-continuous operation.

Abstract: Core-shell particles containing crystalline iron oxide in the core and amorphous silicon dioxide in the shell and in which a) the shell contains from 5 to 40% by weight of silicon dioxide, b) the core contains b1) from 60 to 95% by weight of iron oxide and b2) from 0.5 to 5% by weight of at least one doping component selected from the group consisting of aluminium, calcium, copper, magnesium, silver, titanium, yttrium, zinc, tin and zirconium, c) where the % by weight indicated are based on the core-shell particles and the sum of a) and b) is at least 98% by weight of the core-shell particles, d) the core has lattice plane spacings of 0.20 nm, 0.25 nm and 0.29 nm, in each case +/?0.02 nm, determined by means of HR-TEM.

Abstract: Functionalized magnetic core-shell particles which are present predominantly in the form of isolated, essentially spherical individual particles, the core of which consists essentially of one or more magnetic iron oxides, the shell of which consists essentially of impervious, amorphous silicon dioxide, and the functionalization of which consists of amino or epoxy group units on the surface of the particles, and which additionally have a mean particle diameter d50 such that 2<d50<10 ?m, the particles have a content of iron oxide of 83 to 92% by weight, of silicon dioxide of 5 to 15% by weight, and of carbon of 0.5 to 3% by weight, the amino or epoxy group is part of the structural unit —OSi-alkyl-X where X is NH2 or epoxy and alkyl is C2-C8, and the concentration of the amino groups or of the epoxy groups is at least 30 ?mol/g of particles. The particles are used for immobilization of enzymes.

Abstract: Iron-silicon oxide particles with a core and an outer shell have improved heating rates in a magnetic field. The core contains maghemite, magnetite, and haematite. The outer shell is essentially or exclusively silicon dioxide. The crystallite diameter of the haematite determined by X-ray diffraction is greater than 120 nm. A ratio of the brightness of the Debye-Scherrer diffraction ring by electron diffraction at a lattice plane spacing of 0.20+/?0.02 nm, comprising maghemite and magnetite, to the brightness of the Debye-Scherrer diffraction ring by electron diffraction at a lattice plane spacing of 0.25+/?0.02 nm, comprising maghemite, magnetite and haematite, is no more than 0.2.

Abstract: Iron-silicon oxide particles with a core-shell structure, which have a) a BET-surface area of 10 to 80 m2/g, b) a thickness of the shell of 2 to 30 nm and c) a content of iron oxide of 60 to 90% by weight, of silicon dioxide of 10 to 40% by weight, based in each case on the enveloped particles, where d) the proportion of iron, silicon and oxygen is at least 99% by weight, based on the enveloped particles, and where e) the core is crystalline and the iron oxides comprise haematite, magnetite and maghemite, f) the shell consists of amorphous silicon dioxide and g) at least one compound or a plurality of compounds consisting of the elements silicon, iron and oxygen is/are present between shell and core.

Abstract: Iron-silicon oxide particles with a core and an outer shell have improved heating rates in a magnetic field. The core contains maghemite, magnetite, and haematite. The outer shell is essentially or exclusively silicon dioxide. The crystallite diameter of the haematite determined by X-ray diffraction is greater than 120 nm. A ratio of the brightness of the Debye-Scherrer diffraction ring by electron diffraction at a lattice plane spacing of 0.20+/?0.02 nm, comprising maghemite and magnetite, to the brightness of the Debye-Scherrer diffraction ring by electron diffraction at a lattice plane spacing of 0.25+/?0.02 nm, comprising maghemite, magnetite and haematite, is no more than 0.2.

Abstract: Process for preparing a lithium-containing mixed oxide powder, wherein a) a stream of a solution containing at least one lithium compound and at least one metal compound of one or more mixed oxide components in the required stoichiometric ratio is atomized by means of an atomizer gas to give an aerosol having an average droplet size of less than 100 ?m, b) the aerosol is reacted in a reaction space by means of a flame obtained from a mixture of fuel gas and air, with the total amount of oxygen being sufficient for at least complete reaction of the fuel gas and of the metal compounds, c) the reaction stream is cooled and d) the solid product is subsequently separated off from the reaction stream.

Abstract: Mixed oxide which has the composition LixMn0.5?a Ni0.5?b Coa+b O2, where 0.8?x?1.2, 0.05?a?0.3, 0.05?b?0.3, ?0.1?a?b?0.02 and a+b<0.5, and has a BET surface area of from 3 to 20 m2/g, a multimodal particle size distribution and a d50 of less than or equal to 5 ?m. Mixed oxide which has the composition Lix Mn0.5?a Ni0.5?b Coa+b O2, where 0.8?x?1.2, 0.05?a?0.3, 0.05?b?0.3, ?0.1?a?b?0.02 and a+b<0.5, and has a BET surface area of from 0.05 to 1 m2/g, a d50 of less than or equal to 10 ?m and a ratio of the intensities of the signals at 2?=18.6±1° to 2?=44.1±1° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of greater than or equal to 2.4.

Abstract: Process for preparing a mixed metal oxide powder, in which oxidizable starting materials are evaporated and oxidized, the reaction mixture is cooled after the reaction and the pulverulent solids are removed from gaseous substances, wherein as starting materials, at least one pulverulent metal and at least one metal compound, the metal and the metal component of the metal compound being different and the proportion of metal being at least 80% by weight based on the sum of metal and metal component from metal compound, together with one or more combustion gases, are fed to an evaporation zone of a reactor, where metal and metal compound are evaporated completely under nonoxidizing conditions, subsequently, the mixture flowing out of the evaporation zone is reacted in the oxidation zone of this reactor with a stream of a supplied oxygen-containing gas whose oxygen content is at least sufficient to oxidize the starting materials and combustion gases completely.