Abstract: A solenoid insulation system for an electromagnetic positioning mechanism for reciprocating valve actuators which are shifted between two positions by means of actuating solenoids and are maintained under load between their operating positions by a spring system. In the operational state, the locus of equilibrium of the spring system is determined by an adjusting solenoid which may be integral with or closely adjacent to the actuating solenoid(s). Pursuant to the invention, the adjusting solenoid's magnetic field is decoupled to the greatest possible degree from that of the actuating solenoids. In this manner, uncontrolled operating states of the actuating solenoid are avoided. Decoupling insulation is provided by suitable air gap(s), diamagnetic or paramagnetic material, or constructing the core of the adjusting solenoid from material different than the actuating solenoid, e.g., transformer sheet and sintered ferrite core material respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for unthrottled load control of an internal combustion engine by means of exhaust gas. The method requires entirely freely adjustable opening and closing times for the inlet and exhaust valves. Starting at full load with the minimum of exhaust gas in the cylinder the amount of exhaust gas in the cylinder is increased thereby reducing the available combustion chamber volume for receiving fresh mixture mass thereby reducing the load. The fresh mixture mass and the exhaust gas mass are controlled exclusively by coordinating the opening and closing times of the intake and exhaust valves.

Abstract: An electromagnetic positioning system in displacement machines such as internal combustion engines in which spring-loaded valve actuators are shifted between two operating positions. Upon startup, the locus of equilibrium of the spring system is shifted by means of an adjusting solenoid which moves one of the spring system supporting seat members. The support seat member for the spring system is secured to and guided by a sleeve which, upon startup, is guided along the actuator rod. When the device is in its operating position, the actuator rod is guided in the sleeve. The working surface of the adjusting solenoid core has a beveled surface which assists in centering the sleeve in its operating position. The invention is particularly applicable to lifting valves and sliding gate valves, e.g., intake and exhaust valve actuators.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for starting and regulating valve systems for displacement-type machines such as fuel-regulated internal combustion engines wherein a valve can be held in at least two final operational positions. The valve systems are each designed as an oscillating spring/mass system such that periodic force components or travel path excitations can be communicated to the spring/mass system in its original starting position or in a static home position. The pulse characteristics or frequency of the force components or excitations are close or equal to the natural frequency of each spring/mass valve system, so that the valve system is caused to oscillate with an increasing amplitude and is thus excited into one of the two final operational positions.

Abstract: An arrangement for an electromagnetically operated actuator for a displacement-type engine having a spring-mass valve actuating oscillatory system which includes a valve having an armature thereon and a pair of electromagnets for maintaining the valve in at least first and second final operational positions of the maximum amplitude of vibration, the armature and at least one of the electromagnets comprising a contact dampener for the armature, at least one of the electromagnets being mounted in the housing by a hydraulic length-compensating element such that the distance between the valve seat and the pole area of the electromagnet is adjusted to correspond to the distance between the valve head and the pole area of the armature, so that the desired amount of dampening is consistently effected as the armature approaches the electromagnet and the valve approaches its seat.

Abstract: An electromagnetically operating actuator for control elements capable of making oscillatory movements in displacement machines, more particularly for flat slide shut-off valves and lift valves, includes a spring system and a pair of electrically operating switching elements, over which the control element is movable in two discrete opposite operating positions and is retained thereat by either switching magnet, the locus of the position of equilibrium of the spring system lying between the two operating positions. The invention is characterized by the provision of a compression device in engagement with the spring system for relocating the locus of the position of equilibrium of the spring system upon actuation of the compression device.